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Fizyczne cechy pracy w perspektywie pracowników i pracodawców

100%
Lis K., Rymaniak J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie
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2016
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issue 3(31)
117-129
PL
The aim of this article is to show the differences in the perception of the physical characteristics of the criteria by employers and employees, as well as the identification of areas and scope of these differences for the identification of needs to develop theoretical tools and formulas for practical cooperation in the creation of working conditions. The authors present the contemporary concepts of physical features of work from the point of view of work design as approached by management and ergonomics. The theoretical management model used in the study is the job characteristics concept by Grant, Fried, Juillerat, which, due to the criteria of physical characteristics was related to ergonomic criteria. On this basis, the authors present the results of the study, including the opinions of employees and employers. This made it possible to determine the field of differences in perceiving problems of the physical job characteristics by both groups of respondents and show their theoretical and practical consequences. Significant differences in the views of employers and employees in the area of the criteria for physical characteristics, identified in the research analysis, occur in relation to the psychosocial load and work environment. These criteria of physical characteristics are recognized by employers as less important than the level reported by employees. The presented conclusions are proposals to determine the directions of further research and practical solutions. Such targeted research will enable in future to close the gap between the views of the two groups in terms of health and life of employees.
2

Business Trends and Tendencies in Organization Design and Work Design Practice: Identifying Cause-and-Effect Relationships

100%
Hernaus T.
Business Systems Research Journal
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2011
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vol. 2
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issue 1
4-16
EN
Current global business environment has a strong impact on theory and practice of organizations, as well as on working behavior of their employees. Increased complexity and competitiveness is changing settled ways of organizing and working. The ultimate search for the holy grail of achieving organizational effectiveness through better design solutions is gaining momentum. There are many possible areas and means for improvement. Great opportunities emerge from better understanding of contemporary organization and work environment. To seize them, the link between organization design and work design tendencies will be emphasized. Through an in-depth theoretical research on current business trends and their impact on the changing nature of work in organizations, potentially very strong patterns between these two different environmental categories and levels of analysis will be identified. Our extensive analysis of current trends and tendencies in organization design and work design field will provide useful insights for business practitioners and researchers.
3
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Determination of pain in musculoskeletal system reported by office workers and the pain risk factors

75%
Celik S., Celik K., Dirimese E., Taşdemir N., Arik T., Büyükkara İ.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 31
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issue 1
91-111
EN
Objectives: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at determining the existence of pain in the musculoskeletal system among office workers and the reasons for it. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 528 office workers. Collection of data was achieved using a questionnaire prepared by the researchers in line with information from the literature. Results: The male and female office workers most frequently complained of pain in the lower back (55.1%), neck (52.5%) and back (53%). It was seen that out of the variables relating to the work environment, those which had the most significant effect on muscular-skeletal system pain were sitting at the desk for a long time without a break, working sitting on a chair that supported only the lumbar area and the arms, having the computer mouse at a distance from the keyboard, having the head inclined at 45° when working, working holding both forearms above the level of the desk, not taking exercise in daily life, and having a moderate or extremely stressful workplace (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The conclusion has been reached in this study that in order for office workers not to suffer musculoskeletal system pain, it is very important that the working environment should be ergonomically arranged and that various measures should be taken to ensure healthy life behavior. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(1):91–111
4
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Dotazník designu pracovní pozice (WDQ) : validační studie českého překladu

63%
Procházka J., Bílovská K., Ťápal A., Fejfarová M., Vaculík M.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 2
168-183
EN
Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of a Czech adaptation of the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) that measures 21 work characteristics. Sample and setting. A sample of 461 people working in Czech organizations completed a Czech adaptation of WDQ. In order to assess the convergent validity of WDQ, the respondents also completed 4 other questionnaires. Results. Confirmatory factor analyses showed a similar fit of the 21-factor model (RMSEA = = 0.046; CFI = 0.89; TLI = 0.88) to the original English WDQ. The standardized factor loadings were high (λ = 0.60 to 0.90), only the item wdq 25 did not load on the job complexity factor (λ = .21) as it should have according to the theoretical model. The authors do not recommend including this item in the job complexity subscale because it has two possible meanings in both the Czech and English versions, and the respondents may not understand it in accordance with the content of the subscale. All the subscales of WDQ showed high internal consistency (ω = 0.75 to 0.96) except the social support subscale (ω = 0.64). The convergent validity of the subscales is supported by the correlations of their scores to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intrinsic motivation, and perceived own work performance. The analyses also showed the criterial validity of the subscale interaction outside an organization. as the respondents in sales and services scored higher than the respondents who worked in different positions. Limitations. Respondents with an university degree and respondents doing knowledge work prevailed in the sample. The data about work characteristics and other variables came from the same source – the self-report questionnaires.
CS
Cíle. Cílem studie bylo posoudit psychometrické charakteristiky české adaptace dotazníku designu pracovní pozice (Work Design Questionnaire, WDQ), měřícího 21 pracovních charakteristik. Soubor a metoda. Celkem 461 respondentů pracujících v českých organizacích vyplnilo českou verzi WDQ. Kvůli posouzení konvergentní validity vyplnili také 4 další dotazníky. Výsledky. Konfirmační faktorová analýza WDQ ukázala podobnou shodu 21faktorového modelu s daty (RMSEA = 0,046; CFI = 0,89; TLI = 0,88), jako v případě původního dotazníku v angličtině. Standardizované faktorové náboje jednotlivých položek byly vysoké (λ = 0,60 až 0,90), pouze položka wdq 25 nebyla sycena faktorem složitost práce (λ = ,21) v souladu s teoretickým modelem. Tuto položku autoři doporučují nezahrnovat do škály složitost práce, protože má v české i anglické verzi dva možné významy a nemusí být respondenty chápána v souladu s obsahem subškály. Všechny subškály WDQ prokázaly vnitřní konzistenci (ω = 0,75 až 0,96) s výjimkou subškály sociální opory (ω = 0,64). Konvergentní validitu subškál dotazníku podporují vztahy s pracovními spokojeností, závazkem k organizaci, vnitřní motivací a vnímaným vlastním výkonem. Projevila se také kriteriální validita subškály spolupráce mimo organizaci, jejíž skór se lišil u respondentů pracujících ve službách a prodeji a respondentů na ostatních pracovních pozicích. Limity. Ve vzorku převažují vzdělanější respondenti a respondenti vykonávající duševní práci. Data o pracovních charakteristikách i závislých proměnných pochází ze stejného zdroje, ze sebehodnocení respondentů.
5
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Kwestionariusz Cech Pracy – opracowanie polskiej wersji narzędzia do badania cech pracy i środowiska zawodowego. Wstępne wyniki badań

51%
Hauk M., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. P., mateuszhauk@poczta.onet.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
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2014
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vol. 18
PL
Celem badań było opracowanie polskiej wersji narzędzia do diagnozy cech pracy. Punktem wyjścia do opracowania narzędzia był Kwestionariusz Cech Pracy (Work Design Questionnaire – WDQ) autorstwa Morgesona i Humphreya, pozwalający na diagnozę 21 cech środowiska zawodowego. W badaniu udział wzięły 174 osoby (113 K, 67 M) w wieku od 19 do 60 lat (M = 35,50, SD = 11,20), reprezentujące zróżnicowane zawody i stanowiska. Badana grupa była zróżnicowana również pod względem stażu pracy (minimum 1 rok, maksimum 45 lat, M = 13,81). W celu opracowania kwestionariusza przeprowadzono następujące działania: wygenerowanie wyjściowej listy itemów, analiza struktury odpowiedzi udzielanych przez osoby badane, eksploracyjna analiza czynnikowa, określenie właściwości pozycji oraz zgodności wewnętrznej dla wyodrębnionych skal. Przeprowadzone analizy doprowadziły do uzyskania narzędzia składającego się z 46 itemów należących do 11 czynników. Otrzymane narzędzie charakteryzuje się zadowalającą rzetelnością (α Cronbacha waha się od 0,60 dla skali „Znaczenie Pracy” do 0,92 dla skali „Złożoność pracy”, dla całej skali wynosi 0,87), jednak jego przydatność do celów naukowych i praktycznych powinna być jeszcze zweryfikowana. Dlatego też planuje się dalsze działania zmierzające do opracowania ostatecznej wersji kwestionariusza, m.in. analizę trafności teoretycznej (w tym konfirmacyjną analizę czynnikową) oraz trafności zewnętrznej, uwzględnienie zmiennej aprobaty społecznej itp.
EN
The aim of this study was to develop a Polish version of a measure for assessing job characteristics and work environment. The idea was based on Work Design Questionnaire by Morgeson and Humphrey, which allows to assess 21 characteristics of a job. 174 employed people have been surveyed (113 W, 67 M), aged from 19 to 60 years (M = 35.50, SD = 11.20), representing different professions and positions, as well as different work experience (minimum 1 year, maximum 45 years; M = 13.81). In order to develop the questionnaire, a number of analyses was conducted: generating the preliminary list of items, analyzing the structure of answers given by the subjects, exploratory factor analysis, assessment of properties of the selected items and the reliability of the scales. As a result, a measure consisting of 46 items (which belong to 11 factors) was obtained. The Polish version of the Work Design Questionnaire has satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.60 for the scale of “Meaning of Work” to 0.92 for the scale “Job complexity”, for the whole scale: 0.87), but its usefulness for scientific purposes should be verifi ed. It is therefore planned to continue efforts to develop the final version of the questionnaire, such as: an analysis of construct validity (including confirmatory factor analysis) and external validity, taking into account the variable of social approval etc.
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