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2020
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1 (390)
66-82
EN
In the opinion of experts, by 2050 some eight percent of foreigners will have to work in the Polish economy in order to maintain the current employment level. Hence, the inflow of foreigners to Poland will be more and more important. In the years 2014–2018, the total of 910,500 applications for work permission were submitted in regional offices, out of which 46,900 were submitted in 2014, and in 2018 – as many as 366,900. Since it is an important issue, NIK conducted an audit at the Ministry of Interior and Administration, the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy, and the Office for Foreigners, as well as eight regional offices and eight labour offices. The audit examined whether the public administration was prepared, in the procedural and technical aspects, to provide effective services for foreigners. The audit was also aimed to assess whether these tasks were performed properly, and whether the needs of the labour market were properly planned, with due consideration to the perspec-tives of the Polish economy.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the stream and structure of economic migrants to Poland between 2008–2018. The first part presents economic migrations in their theoretical aspects, explaining the concept and presenting definitions. Then, the institutional and legal conditions of economic migration to Poland with particular emphasis on documents required by Polish labour market were presented, i.e. work permits, seasonal work permits and declarations of entrusting work to a foreigner. The next part presents data on the number of issued statements and work permits, indicating the potential number of economic migrants. Data from the Social Insurance Institution regarding foreigners registered for retirement and disability insurance were also presented. Moreover, data analysis and evaluation were performed. The article ends with a summary.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia dane na temat strumienia migracji ekonomicznych do Polski w latach 2008–2018. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano migracje ekonomiczne w ujęciu teoretycznym, wyjaśniając pojęcie i prezentując definicje. Następnie przedstawiono uwarunkowania instytucjonalno-prawne migracji zarobkowych do Polski, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dokumentów dopuszczających do polskiego rynku pracy: zezwolenia na pracę, zezwolenia na pracę sezonową i oświadczenia o powierzeniu wykonywania pracy cudzoziemcowi. W dalszej części zaprezentowano dane dotyczące liczby wydanych oświadczeń i zezwoleń na pracę, świadczących o potencjalnej liczbie migrantów ekonomicznych. Przedstawiono również dane Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych w zakresie cudzoziemców zgłoszonych do ubezpieczenia emerytalnego i rentowego. Dokonano analizy i oceny danych. Artykuł zakończono podsumowaniem.
PL
When considering the problem of employing foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Poland, the analysis of the issue should be focused on legal regulations built on the provisions of the Act of 12 December 2013 on foreigners and the Act of 20 April 2004 on the promotion of employment and labor market institutions. The first legal act after returning to sovereignty in 1918 regulating the admission of foreigners to the Polish labor market was the regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland of June 4, 1927 on the protection of the labor market. Since then, legal acts regulating the employment of foreigners in the territory of the Republic have undergone significant changes. In Polish legislation, significant changes have been made to the provisions on the employment of foreigners, taking into account the need to facilitate access to the Polish labor market. The most important modifications in this respect include: abolition of the two-stage procedure for applying for a work permit, reforming the mechanism of the so-called labor market test, simplifying the procedure of changing the place of work by a foreigner or changing positions, simplifying forms, limiting the number of documents required, creating the possibility of issuing a permit for a longer period, defining clear rules of the employer’s liability. The publication discusses the current procedure for the employment of foreigners on the territory of the Republic of Poland including the revisions of legal norms regulating the issue of entrusting work to foreigners. Labor migration is again an important problem, not only european but also international, becoming the subject of intense discussions. The issue of employing foreigners in Poland has also become even more important. The labor migration process plays an important role in maintaining the balance on the labor market. The priority is to increase the employment rate, promote stable forms of employment and at the same time flexible methods of organizing and providing work.
EN
The conflict in Ukraine continues unabated since April 2014. At that time armed separatist attacks began (also supported by the Russian army and special forces), which strive to break the Donetsk and Lugansk districts from Ukrainian territory. This was a direct consequence of March’s Pro-Russian speeches and so-called – Crimean crisis which took place after the Euromaidan Revolution. Poland remains an undisputed ally of Ukraine, representing its interests in the European forum. This attitude positively influences the migration of Ukrainians into Poland, where they are looking for employment. The authors, aware of the above-mentioned circumstances, try to take up a rather complex subject of the impact of changes in the procedure of accessing the Polish labor market to restrictions on trade with Ukraine. They refer to a number of documents, with a view to better and more complete coverage of the topic. At the beginning the current state of affairs will be characterized and its influence on the current situation in the above field. On this basis changes are discussed and characterized and in conclusion the expected effects are indicated. The authors address a number of problems and answers appearing in the public debate more and more often like the demand for cheap labor from Ukraine, which can be a chance, but also a challenge for the Polish labor market.
RU
Конфликт на Украине длится непрерывно от апреля 2014 года. Тем временем были основаны вооруженные бригады сепаратистов (дополнительно под- держиваемые русской армией и спецслужбами), которые стремятся отделить Донецкую и Луганскую области от Украинской территории. Это было непо- средственное следствие мартовских пророссийскихвозникновений также так называемого крымского кризиса, которые наступили после революции на Евромайдане. Стоит добавить,что Польша остается бесспорным союзни- ком Украины, представляя ее интересы на Европейском форуме. Такое отно- шение нашей страны, положительно влияет на миграцию Украинцев в Поль- шу, которые ищут трудоустройство на территории нашего государства . Это очевидно, поскольку в связи с выше описанным, Украина оказалась в доста- точно тяжелом положении – на ее территории фактически проходит война, которая называется гибридной. Без сомнения это имеет влияние на эконо- мику всего государства а также на рынок. Авторы выступлений, понимая о выше описанных обстоятельствах бу- дут пытаться поднять достаточно сложную тему о влиянии изменений в до- ступе к польскому рынку труда для Украины. Обратятся к ряду документов и сопоставлений, с помощью которых можно будет лучше и более расши- рено трактовать эту тему. На вступлении будет охарактеризовано актуаль- ное состояние и его влияние на нынешнюю ситуацию . На этом основании возможен будет переход к обсуждению и характеристике изменений, что бы в итоге завершить, указывая на ожидаемые последствия. Авторы будут пытаться поднять ряд проблем и ответить на вопросы, ко- торые появляются все чаще в общественных обсуждениях, например, по- требности на дешевую рабочую силу из Украины, которая может быть в то же время и шансом, но также и вызовом для польского рынка.
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