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EN
This article presents a brief review of historical development of workers' representation law in Russia, mainly at the workplace level. The author makes statements about imperfections of some legislative provisions concerning the representation and collective bargaining rights. In particular, the issues of discrimination of the minority unions, the weakness of consultation and information rights, as well as the right to strike are being discussed. The author gives prognosis concerning the perspectives of modification of labour legislation in this field.
EN
The article presents a critical analysis of one of the aspects of collective labour relations, mainly employee representation at the company level via works councils. The emergence of the institute of works councils in Lithuania was determined by general Euro-integration processes and the need to develop and promote social dialogue. As we know, after the restoration of independence in Lithuania employee representation at the company level by trade unions was very poor. Therefore, with the view to taking over the tradition of collective labour relations prevailing in Western Europe and promoting the process of collective bargaining and collective agreements, a special law was adopted in Lithuania in 2004 to provide for the establishment and functioning of an alternative employee representation body, works councils. This article aims to reveal, by means of various research methods, the content of EU and national legal norms governing the status of works councils and to show, based on various surveys conducted in the country, the current realistic situation of employee representation in Lithuania.
PL
W 2017 r. 805 800 pracowników w Niemczech wyraziło zainteresowanie podjęciem szkolenia. Spośród nich prawie 65% skorzystało z kształcenia i szkoleń zawodowych (VET) w systemie dualnym. W sumie dwie trzecie osób zatrudnionych w Niemczech ukończyło dualny system kształcenia (Federalny Instytut Kształcenia i Szkolenia Zawodowego 2018). Fakt, że ponad połowa absolwentów szkół decyduje się na kształcenie i szkolenie zawodowe w ramach swojej ścieżki edukacyjnej (Federalny Instytut Kształcenia i Szkolenia Zawodowego 2015), jest również konsekwencją wysokiej jakości kształcenia i wynikających z tego dobrych perspektyw na zatrudnienie. Soskice (1994) argumentuje, że jednym z ważnych warunków wstępnych wysokiego poziomu jakości kształcenia jest współpraca, która odbywa się między właściwymi organami (głównie izbami rzemieślniczymi oraz izbami handlowo-przemysłowymi) z jednej strony a radami pracowników i handlowymi z drugiej. Kontekst ten jest powszechnie uznawany w literaturze przedmiotu, zwłaszcza w przypadku rad pracowników, na które niemieckie ustawodawstwo nakłada obowiązek zapewnienia jakości szkoleń w firmach (§§ 96–98 Ustawa o stosunkach pracy/ Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, BetrVG). Jakie są czynniki decydujące o wysokiej jakości szkoleni zawodowego? Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest jakość praktyk zawodowych opracowanych przez rady pracowników w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach (MŚP) oraz sposób, w jaki doskonalą one kwestie związane z przyuczaniem do zawodu na poziomie przedsiębiorstwa.
EN
805,800 persons were recoded as being interested in entering training in Germany in 2017. Of these, just under 65 percent progressed to vocational education and training (VET) within the dual system. A total of two thirds of those in employment in Germany have completed dual VET (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 2018). The fact that more than half of school leavers opt for vocational education and training as part of their educational pathway (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 2015) is also a consequence of the high (average) quality of training and of the resultant good prospects of employment. Soskice (1994) argues that one of the important prerequisites for the high level of training quality is the cooperation that takes place between the competent bodies (mostly chambers of crafts, chambers of commerce and industry) on the one side and the works councils and trade unions on the other. This context is widely taken as a given within the relevant literature, especially in the case of the works councils, which are accorded extensive information and participation rights for the purpose of securing quality of training at the company within the scope of the German Labour Management Relations Act (§§ 96–98 Labour Management Relations Act / Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, BetrVG). However, what are the determining factors for a high quality of apprenticeship training? The focuses of this paper are the issue of the understanding of apprenticeship training quality developed by works councils at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the way they contribute at company level with regard to apprenticeship training matters
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