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Rola wymiany towarowej ze wschodnimi sąsiadami Polski w gospodarce lokalnej

100%
Komornicki T.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2010
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vol. 15
105-116
EN
The purpose of this article is to investigate the current role of trade with Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in the local economy of East Poland. It is assumed that the importance of trade with neighbouring countries can be expressed through: (a) export of goods that are made in a given spatial unit to the markets of adjacent countries; (b) providing service for the needs of transit traffic, including in particular the freight traffic generated by Polish foreign trade; (c) small-scale, unregistered trade along the border areas. The research study focuses mainly on the four borderland voivodships. The analysis shows that after the years 2003/2004 in East Poland there has been a declining importance of the borderland location as a stimulus factor which contributes to intensive interactions with the neighbouring countries. The role of trade of goods with Belarus, Russia and Ukraine in the economy of borderland regions is becoming ever less important and ever more spatially selective. The advantages derived from trans-border traffic services are increasingly evident in the border crossings leading into Lithuania and Ukraine, with a rather declining significance of those crossings with Belarus. The advantages linked to peddling small items are mainly concentrated in the border gminas (communes) that are located in the close neighbourhood of the border crossings. At the same time, however, risks related to trade of goods are playing ever more important role, since excessive concentration of exporters to the markets of the neighbouring countries may pose a threat of “importing” the crisis. Intensive transit of goods generates considerable external costs, while trans-border illegal trading is increasingly becoming an unfair trade for local entrepreneurs.
2
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Innowacyjność a endogeniczne zasoby miast wschodniego pogranicza Polski

100%
Brzosko-Sermak A.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2012
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vol. 19
74-92
EN
The interest in the Polish eastern border cities is rooted in the desire to trace their socio-economic and urban development conditions of a specific, peripheral location within the provinces which are facing many problems. The general study covers four eastern Polish provinces; detailed investigations were carried out in 28 border cities located within those areas. It seems interesting to examine the involvement of the local authorities and citizens in different types of initiatives that encourage internal development. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to investigate selected aspects of endogenous activities and consider whether one can allocate them as an innovation, and whether they can condition the local success or stagnation. Analysis of the activity of the local authorities was based on urban development strategies and EU structural funds. Analysis of the activity of the local community was based on: the professional, scientific and technical activities; local newspapers, publishers and editors; and foundations and community organizations. Endogenous activity in the border cities could step up their development especially if associated with innovation activities. Unfortunately, large part of these cities is not developed in an active way, neither by residents nor local authorities.
3
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Wschodnie (?) pogranicze Polski jako miejsce przemiany bohatera-pisarza w prozie po roku 1945

51%
Paczkowski M.
Polonistyka. Innowacje
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2018
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issue 8
71-84
EN
The article interprets three prose works created after the year 1945: Wilhelm Mach’s Góry nad Czarnym Morzem, Edward Stachura’s Siekierezada and Ignacy Karpowicz’s Sońka. At the beginning, the ways of perceiving the eastern borderland of Poland in the interwar period were indicated. Then the article describes how this space is shown in the mentioned novels. In all texts this borderland is presented as other, exotic, less developed place, but still fascinating and interesting. In all books, the main character is a writer who is in crisis. Traveling to the eastern borderland is to help overcome the crisis.
PL
W artykule interpretacji poddane zostały trzy utwory prozatorskie powstałe po roku 1945: Góry nad Czarnym Morzem Wilhelma Macha, Siekierezada Edwarda Stachury oraz Sońka Ignacego Karpowicza. W pierwszej części wskazano sposoby prezentowania wschodniego pogranicza Polski w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym. Następnie przedstawiono, jak przestrzeń ta jest ukazywana we wskazanych powieściach. Obszary przygraniczne opisywane są jako inne, egzotyczne, gorzej rozwinięte, ale jednocześnie fascynujące i przyciągające. Główni bohaterowie wymienionych utworów to pisarze będący w stanie kryzysu. Wyprawa na wschód Polski stanowi próbę jego przezwyciężenia.
4
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Kilka uwag o roli biskupa w mieście późnoantycznym (na przykładzie prowincji wschodnich)

51%
Milewski I.
Vox Patrum
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2001
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vol. 40
407-424
EN
In diesem Beitrag wurde die Rolle des Bischofs in der spatantiken Stadt besprochen. Die Aufmerksamkeit des Verfassers wurde vor allem auf eine Frage gelenkt: kann man die offentliche Tatigkeit des spatantiken Bischofs ais eine Fortsetzung der antiken Euergesia betrachten? Der Autor dieses Aufsatzes ist der Meinung, daB ja. Die Beantwortung dieser Frage stellen sich jedoch viele Schwierigkeiten entgegen, vor allem durch die Lakonitat der Ouellen, die die Tatigkeit der einzelnen Bischoffe betrifft.
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