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PL
Nasilający się i utrwalający problem bezdomności i wykluczenia mieszkaniowego stanowi wyzwanie dla wielu dzisiejszych społeczeństw. Wyzwanie tym większe, że problem identyfikowany jest jako względnie nowy i niedostatecznie jeszcze rozpoznany. W artykule podjęto próbę spojrzenia na bezdomność jako formę wykluczenia społecznego przez pryzmat obowiązujących dokumentów strategicznych i programowych różnego szczebla. W pierwszej części artykułu dokonano przeglądu definicji zjawiska, scharakteryzowano jego zasięg i poddano analizie w kontekście współczesnych debat nad wykluczeniem społecznym i underclass. W części drugiej skoncentrowano się wokół wybranych aktów prawnych i dokumentów programowych o zasięgu europejskim, krajowym i lokalnym, starając się odpowiedzieć, na ile obecna jest w nich problematyka bezdomności i wykluczenia mieszkaniowego. Podniesiono także kwestię złożoności zjawiska, co wymaga uwzględniania w jego analizie wielu aspektów szeroko rozumianej polityki społecznej (pomocy społecznej, polityki mieszkaniowej, polityki rynku pracy, oświatowej czy zdrowotnej) w kontekście zwalczania problemu, jak i zapobiegania jego powstawaniu (działania prewencyjne, interwencyjne i readaptacyjne).
EN
The escalating and strengthening problem of homelessness and flat exclusion is the challenge for many contemporary societies. This problem is identified as relatively new and it is insufficiently recognized so far. In the article the authoress proposes to keep the phenomenon of homelessness understood as a form of social exclusion through the prism of applicable strategic and programmatic documents. In the first part of her paper the authoress reviews definitions of the homelessness, characterizes its dimension an analyses in the context of present discussions about social exclusion and underclass. In the second part, the authoress analyses the selected European, national and local juridical acts as well as policy statements and is concerned with the issue of presence the homelessness and flat exclusion aspects in these documents. She raises the problem of complexity of the phenomenon. This character implies multiplicity of aspects that should be taken into consideration while conducting analyzes of the widely understood social policy (social assistance, flat policy, labor market policy, education and health policy), especially when the resolution of this problem is in search (preventive influences, intervention and readaptation).
Prawo
|
2019
|
issue 327
39-54
EN
The article describes the legal aspects of providing help to homeless people by public administration in the Second Polish Republic. Homelessness in the interwar period in Poland had taken on particularly worrying dimensions and was not only the result of war damages from the years 1914‒1918, but also of many social problems which had been accumulating throughout the whole interwar period. Despite all these difficulties, the Polish state made a great effort in order to establish the legal system of social assistance which focused on helping the homeless. However, the Social Assistance Act of August 16, 1923, differentiated homeless people into two categories. In the first category were homeless who deserved help from the state and its administration. In the second group were those named “beggars” and “vagrants” who, as it was thought, didn’t deserve help and in respect of whom repressive measures were taken. Despite many shortcomings of the social assistance system of that time, it was based on the principle of subsidiarity which is worth mentioning here. The basic subject obliged to provide help to the homeless in the Second Republic of Poland was a commune. It was also noticed then that poor housing conditions result in homelessness. The continuity of the system of social assistance from the interwar period was interrupted when World War II broke out. It was then thwarted in the People’s Republic of Poland which was a time when the problem of homeless was hidden and state administration was not concerned with it.
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