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EN
The subject of this essay is the legal situation of young farmers in the process of generations change in agriculture. This issue is particularly current in relation to the process of reconstruction of the agricultural structure. It is reasonable to consider the legal situation of young farmers in connection with the legal regulation concerning the legal status of older farmers, especially the regulation on structural pensions in agriculture. Essay attempts to answer whether the regulations may favor acceleration, facilitation of young farmers taking over farms. The answer is ambiguous. On one hand, the conditions to be met by young farmers are defined for them more liberal than for other grantees but on the other hand these conditions are defined more rigorously. Conditions indicated for young farmers – grantees of agricultural holdings – are determined especially by the agricultural policy objectives, particularly its demographic purpose, purpose of modernization, and above all purpose of improving territorial structure of farms. Existing solutions in this area are an expression of legislative efforts to achieve long–term effects of structural changes in agriculture.
PL
Przedmiotem i celem pracy jest problem młodych rolników Polski na tle sytuacji w Unii Europejskiej ukazany od strony teoretycznej, ich roli w rolnictwie krajowym i europejskim, wsparcia przez wspólną politykę rolną i krajową politykę rolną oraz form i efektów wsparcia. Praca opiera się na analizach literatury, unijnych i krajowych dokumentach prawnych, informacjach branżowych i statystycznych. Główne efekty pracy odnoszą się do problemu definiowania młodych rolników, określenia formy i zakresu udzielanej im pomocy oraz cech, postaw i efektów gospodarowania przez tę grupę rolników w Polsce. Ważnym efektem poznawczym jest analiza wniosków składanych przez młodych rolników oraz wyników ich rozpatrywania przez instytucje krajowe oraz weryfikacji przyznanej pomocy i wypłat. Głównym wnioskiem jest wskazanie na potrzebę rozpatrywania i rozwiązywania problemu młodych rolników w powiązaniu z innymi problemami społeczno-ekonomicznymi wsi m.in. z problemem ludzi starych.
EN
The paper deals with the problem of young farmers in Poland at the background of the situation in the European Union presented from the perspective of theory, their role in the national and European agriculture, support by the Common Agricultural Policy and the national agricultural policy, and forms and effects of support. The paper is based on literature reviews, the EU and national legal documents, trade and statistical information. The key effects of the paper refer to the problem of defining young farmers, determining the form and scope of aid provided and characteristics, grounds and effects of farming by this group of farmers in Poland. A vital cognitive element is analysis of applications submitted by young farmers and results of their consideration by national institutions and verification of awarded aid and payments. The main conclusion is that it is necessary to consider and solve the problems of young farmers in connection with other socio-economic problems of rural areas, including the problem of old people.
PL
W opracowaniu przedstawiono zagadnienie udziału kobiet wiejskich i młodych rolników w kierowaniu gospodarstwami rolnymi, na tle ogólnej liczby rolników. Badania obejmowały 27 krajów UE, przy czym porównania dokonano odrębnie dla dawnych krajów członkowskich (UE-15) oraz nowych krajów członkowskich (NUE-12).
XX
The study presents the issue of the participation of rural women and young farmers in the process of managing farms, which was depicted in the background of the total number of farmers. The research covered 27 EU countries, with the comparison made separately for old member states (EU-15) and new member states (NUE-12).
IT
La risoluzione del Parlamento europeo del 29 maggio 2018 sull'attuazione degli strumenti della PAC a favore dei giovani agricoltori nell'UE dopo la riforma del 2013 richiama l'attenzione degli organi dell'UE e delle istituzioni europee, nonché dei governi degli Stati membri, su un problema fondamentale che riguarda una adeguata formazione e salvaguardia riguardo alla posizione dei giovani agricoltori all’interno della legislazione dell’UE e delle regolazioni nazionali. L'articolo, oltre a spiegare le ragioni per le quali la risoluzione è stata adottata, presenta anche le raccomandazioni rivolte al Consiglio, alla Commissione europea, alla Corte dei conti, nonché ai governi e ai parlamenti degli Stati membri. Inoltre, l'autore analizza gli strumenti di sostegno a favore dei giovani agricoltori, adottati in Polonia, i quali favoriscono il ricambio generazionale nelle zone rurali. Nella parte conclusiva, è stato appurato che le soluzioni giuridiche adottate siano inefficaci, mentre il loro carattere è frammentario e non complementare.
EN
The European Parliament Resolution of 29 May 2018 on the implementation in the EU of CAP tools for young farmers after the 2013 reform draws the attention of EU bodies and European institutions as well as the governments of the Member States to the significant problem of adequate forms and safeguards for the position of young farmers provided for in EU legislation and national regulations. The article presents the reasons for the adoption of the resolution and the recommendations addressed to the Council, the European Commission, the Court of Auditors and the governments and parliaments of the Member States. An analysis of the instruments developed to support young farmers in Poland and facilitate a generational change in rural areas was conducted and it has been found that despite certain unquestionable achievements to date, Polish legal solutions are still largely ineffective, fragmentary and incomplete.
PL
Rezolucja Parlamentu Europejskiego z 29 maja 2018 r. w sprawie wdrażania narzędzi WPR dla młodych rolników w UE po reformie z 2013 r. zwraca uwagę unijnych organów i europejskich instytucji, a także rządów państw członkowskich, na istotną potrzebę należytego ukształtowania i zabezpieczenia pozycji młodych rolników w unijnym prawodawstwie oraz w regulacjach krajowych. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane motywy przyjęcia tej rezolucji oraz zalecenia skierowane do Rady, Komisji Europejskiej, Trybunału Obrachunkowego, a także rządów i parlamentów państw członkowskich. Autor przeprowadził analizę stosowanych w Polsce instrumentów wsparcia młodych rolników, sprzyjających przemianom pokoleniowym na obszarach wiejskich. W podsumowaniu sformułował twierdzenie, że dotychczasowa krajowa polityka, kreująca system wsparcia młodych rolników, mimo niewątpliwych osiągnięć, może być w wielu aspektach uważana za nieefektywną, a stosowane rozwiązania prawne uznawane za fragmentaryczne i wobec siebie niekomplementarne.
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