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EN
The aniele presents linguistic strategies of persuasive influence in youth magazines. Persuasive methods employed by teenage magazi les are based on social influence mechanisms. Their form and course were adapted to the specifics of communication in the press medium and to the characteristics of the target reader. These magazines use the rules of social influence, which are the most effective tools o f persuasion, the presence of which the teenager will neither ąuestion nor reject. These methods avoid direct pressure, using willingly morę subtle persuasive mechani >ms. They work via the rule of authority, the rule of social proof, the rule o f scarcty combined with the rule o f liking, thanks to which the methods address the teenager’s needs, transferring those attitudes, opinions and value Systems, which are to be imprinted and accepted.
EN
Persuasive discourse observed in youth magazines occurs not only on the verbal level. The article shows the role that visualization plays in the context of persuasive discourse. The main tool of influence is language, however the composition of youth magazines, inwhich the visual component dominates over the verbal layer, is deliberate. The composition has been adjusted to the needs and expectations of the teenage target reader, whose perceptive abilities were shaped mostly by visual mass culture. For the magazine recipient photography is the component which articulates the most, subsequently to language. Modern magazines have a very expanded visual stratum, actually, in numerous magazines it even overshadows the text. Glossy magazines have a trait of hybridity and their characteristic feature is the possibility to read and watch simultaneously, as the message does not only restrain itself to the text, but is also transmitted through photographs. The new style of communication is thus accompanied by a shift in the text–image affiliation. Photography in the context of persuasive discourse conducted in magazines, plays as significant a role as the verbal constituent. Focusing on the persuasive influence of the visual layer of magazines, the article discusses the role of photographytreated as a supplement of the text, but also as an independent statement.
EN
In the nineteenth century, there were systems of universal and free elementary education supervised by state organs. The specificity of the situation of the Polish nation resulted from its functioning in three different systems of education formed by three separate partitioning states (Austria, Prussia and Russia). Individual editors attached great importance to the promotion of certain moral-ethical values willingly referring to Christian ethics. Numerous stories centered on the reckless conduct of young characters, which led to various injuries and accidents and allowed the formulation of an educative punch line. In short stage works, various types of character defects were often stigmatized. Some works of this type adopted the schema of a developmental novel showing the social advancement of the hero, who, as a result of hard work and overcoming various adversities, provided a better life for himself those surrounding him (or her). An important component of education was patriotism and respect for one’s elders. While the editions of individual periodicals in the middle of the nineteenth century approached educational issues in an authoritarian manner, treating education as a necessary interference, the later ones granted the children’s world a specific autonomy, where only the right direction had to be given. Individual editors collaborated with renowned educators, e.g. Adolf Dygasiński, Henryk Wernic or Teresa Jadwiga Papi. It was thanks to these people that the magazines for young readers reflected different concepts referring to the pedagogy of the time, based on the discoveries of Positivist and Modernist science and philosophy. Also, information related to the real situation of education in Polish territory was included
XX
The subject of discussion are religious themes present in the Polish-language general profile press for children and young people published on the area of the former Commonwealth in the years 1863–1918 by editors not directly connected with churches or religious associations. The considerations include the contents of several hundred magazines, nevertheless, detailed qualitative analysis was carried out on the following representative representations from the three partitions: “Przyjaciel Dzieci” (1863–1915), “Wieczory Rodzinne” (1880–1914), “Towarzysz Pilnych Dzieci” (1876–1883), “Mały Światek” (1888–1918), “Jutrzenka Polska” (1904–1914), “Anioł Stróż” (1895–1909) and “Przyjaciel Dziatwy” (1898–1914). The religious content played a significant role in these periodicals, ranging from 3.4% to 11.1% of the printed area.
PL
Przedmiot rozważań stanowi tematyka religijna obecna na łamach polskojęzycznej prasy dla dzieci i młodzieży o profilu ogólnym wydawanej na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej w latach 1863–1918 przez redakcje nie związane bezpośrednio z kościołami czy związkami wyznaniowymi. W przeprowadzonych rozważaniach uwzględniono treść kilkuset czasopism, niemniej jednak szczegółowej analizie ilościowej i jakościowej poddano następujące, reprezentatywne tytuły z 3 zaborów: „Przyjaciel Dzieci” (1863–1915), „Wieczory Rodzinne” (1880–1914), „Towarzysz Pilnych Dzieci” (1876–1883), „Mały Światek” (1888–1918), „Wiek Młody” (1893–1904), „Jutrzenka Polska” (1904–1914), „Anioł Stróż” (1895–1909) oraz „Przyjaciel Dziatwy” (1898–1914). Treści religijne odgrywały w poszczególnych pismach niebagatelną rolę zajmując od 3,4% do 11,1% zadrukowanej powierzchni
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