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Uwagi na temat programów ochrony konserwatorskiej zabytkowych zespołów miejskich

100%

Przyłęcki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

1973

issue 1

29-39

Th e a u th o r , ta k in g th e c o n s e rv a to r’s p o in t of view, de a ls w ith p ro b lem s of p ro te c tio n of h is to ric a l u rb a n se ttin g s w ith in th e processes of reb u ild in g , re c o n s tru c tio n , ex te n s io n an d ad a p ta tio n . All m e a su re s in th is re sp e c t re q u ire th a t b efore th e all a se t of c rite ria fo r a ss e ssm e n t a n d selection be p re p a re d wh ile both tow n -p la n n e r an d a rc h ite c t should b e a r in th e ir minds the fu n c tio n a n d th e role p lay ed by a h is to ric a l u rb a n s e ttin g w ith in th e e n tire u rb a n organism of a modern town. A p p ro p ria te step s should be ta k e n in each se p a r a te c ase a imed a t d e fin in g of th e h e ig h ts an d sizes a n d a lso of k in d s of b u ild in g th a t h a s to comp lemen t th e h is to ric a l b u ild in g s an d also be considered th e te ch n ic a l, te ch n o lo g ic a l an d o rg an iz a tio n a l aspects of m o d e rn iz a tio n s to b e in tro d u c ed in h isto ric a l settings. Th e a b o v e -lis te d p o in ts w e re a lre ad y sev e ra l time s d iscu ssed d u rin g th e m e e tin g s of ex p e rts. The damage s c au sed to h is to ric a l u rb a n s e ttin g s by m ilita ry ac tio n s d u rin g th e World War II h av e forced a ll th e concerned w ith th a t p ro b lem, i.e. a rc h ite c ts, tow n -p la n n e rs an d c o n se rv a to rs to look a fte r a p p ro p ria te so lu tio n s th a t could be ap p lied to re b u ild in g a n d re c o n s tru c tio n of towns. In th is connection n um e ro u s th e o re tic a l cons id e ra tio n s an d p ro p o sa ls of g en e ra l n a tu r e w e re fo rm u la te d b u t, fo r in s tan c e , th a t be in g a co n c ep t of a „ tow n -re s e rv a tio n ” fo r h is to ric a lly p a tte rn e d towns did n o t fin d su p p o rt by those co n cern ed in th is co u n try . Nowadays, w h ile p la n n in g th e re h a b ilita tio n it should, in th e f ir s t line, be b o rn e in min d th a t a ll tr a n s it, i.e. d ire c tly ru n n in g ma ss tr a ffic sh o u ld be removed from h is to ric a l u rb a n c en tre s, gre en b e lts be e s ta b lish ed an d th e a r c h ite c tu ra l d om in an ts c a re fu lly a ccen tu a te d . One of th e most d ifficu lt p ro b lem s is p e rm an e n tly e n co u n te re d in tow n s h av in g th e ir u rb a n tissu e s composed of b u ild in g s v a ry in g as to th e ir v a lu e and, in a d d itio n , th e selection of a p ro p e r concept of th e ir sp a tia l deve lo pm en t. U n til th e re c e n t tim e th e re w e re c re a te d th re e concepts of re h a b ilita tio n of a h isto ric a l u rb a n s e ttin g co n sistin g in: (1) a d a p ta tio n of new a rc h ite c tu re to a defin ed sty le of e x is tin g h isto ric a l b u ild in g w hich th e solution w h en con sid e red from an a e s th e tic a l v iew p o in t co n ta in s th e sm a lle st possible n um b e r of risk s a n d th u s has fo u n d n um e ro u s su p p o rte rs ; (2) rem o v a l of an c ie n t, in p rin c ip le , n o t h is to ric a l b u ild in g (though in p ra c tic e s ev e ra l in s tan c e s may be listed in w h ich also h is to ric a l b u ild in g s w e re removed) an d c re a tin g in its pla c e of m o d e rn a rc h ite c tu r e w ith its s ta n d a rd iz e d shapes (blocks of fla ts); in th is case, however, h is to ric a l b u ild in g s a re m a rk e d ly c o n tra s tin g w ith th o se mo d e rn an d th e towns a re d e p riv e d of th e ir original, h is to ric a l, c u ltu ra l an d a e s th e tic a l v a lu e s ; (3) designing of new b u ild in g in a ll th e se p la c e s w h e re losses a re to be fou n d in th e densely b u ilt q u a r te r s w ith a sim u ltan eo u s c a re fu l a d a p ta tio n of new b u ild in g s to th e ir h is to ric a l su rro u n d in g s. While emphasizing th e n e ed to c a re fu lly a p ro a c h to h is to ric a l u rb a n p a tte rn s th e a u th o r mak e s a n a p p e a l to d esig n ers th a t th e y sh o u ld rem em b e r a b o u t th e nec e ssity to lim it th e ag gressive fe a tu re s in a r c h ite c tu r a l fo rm s of th e ir b u ild in g s, to m o d e ra te ly use th e colours on th e ir fa ç ad e s an d d e ta ils and, fin a lly , to ap p ly th e p ro p e rly ad a p te d m a te ria ls. As a n o th e r im p o rta n t fe a tu re th a t may decisively in flu en c e th e c h a ra c te r of th e new b u ild in g s is m en tio n ed th e m o d e ra te use of p u b lic ity media in th e fo rm of illum in a te d a d v e rtisin g a n d e le c tric signs. All th e above re q u irem e n ts w e re sev e ra l time s p u t fo rw a rd d u rin g discussions on new designs of th e h is to ric a l u rb a n centres. Howeve r, u n til now th ey a re s till considered as p ro p o sa ls w ith o u t an y co n c re te ex am p le s th a t could be tr e a te d as some k in d of model solution. All th e above rem a rk s m ad e by a p ra c tic isin g a r c h ite c tc o n se rv a to r a re c le a rly enough ch a ra c te riz in g th e ra n g e of d ifficu ltie s w ith w h ich a re fa c ed th e d e sig n e rs in th e ir e v e ry -d a y w o rk devoted to a d a p ta tio n a n d r e h a b ilita tio n of h is to ric a l u rb a n settings.

Osiedle Boernerowo w Warszawie - dzieje budowy, stan zachowania, sugestie w zakresie zasad ochrony konserwatorskiej

58%

Rozbicka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

2001

issue 3

276-291

The basic outline of the Communication Workers’ Estate, known since 1936 as Boernerowo from the name of its initiator, Ignacy Boerner, Minister of the Post and Telegraph, dates back to 1932-1934, when the residential estate was built in the suburban locality of Babice. The housing estate was completed in stages in accordance with a holistic plan prepared by Adam Jurewicz and Adam Kuncewicz who followed the principles of progressive Polish town planning. Initially, it encompassed typical so-called growing single-family wooden houses; from 1934, they were accompanied by free-standing brick houses. Alltold, prior to 1939, garden plots were filled with 275 houses and some o f the public utility objects foreseen in the plan, including a wooden chapel and a children’s centre. From the viewpoint of town planning the present-day state of the preservation of the Estate can be regarded as satisfactory, and its woodland-garden character has not changed. The same holds true for the carefully designed arrangement of streets, strips composed of greenery, the overwhelming majority of the original divisions into lots, and the lines of free-standing, loose development proposed by the designers. Large fragments of streets filled with original housing have been preserved. In recent years, Boernerowo, similarly to single-family house estates maintained within the boundaries of Warsaw and built during the prewar period by resorting to thrifty construction technologies, has become the site of increasingly intensive investments which carry the threat of losing many valuable elements of town planning and architecture. The presented article is an attempt at a holistic arrangement of our knowledge about the history of the construction of the Boernerowo Estate, a diagnosis of the state of its preservation, and a definition, upon this basis, of the range of conservation protection suitable for the architectural-town planning specificity of the Communication Estate.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Przyłęcki M.

1 Rozbicka M.

1 2001

1 1973

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Uwagi na temat programów ochrony konserwatorskiej zabytkowych zespołów miejskich

Osiedle Boernerowo w Warszawie - dzieje budowy, stan zachowania, sugestie w zakresie zasad ochrony konserwatorskiej