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EN
Paying attention to historic resources of Lower Silesia associated with industrial and engineering activities of the man, the author presents general guidelines for the conservationist policy with regard to the protection of monuments of engineering. The programme for an active protection of civilizational heritage has found its expression in the opening of the Centre of the Old and New Mining Technics in Wałbrzych and the concept, worked out by the author, of the Museum of Engineering in Wrocław. These initiatives embrace also a record of searches for a new formula of technical museology which has become a focus of research work carried out by the Institute of the History of Architecture, Art and Engineering, attached to Wrocław Technological University. This has also become the core of interest of voivodship monuments' conservators in the Lower Silesia, scientific and technical associations and industry, which get involved into problems of the protection of monuments of engineering on an ever bigger scale.
EN
The voivodeship of Silesia contains more than a half of Polish monuments of technology, comprising the local cultural landscape and decisive for the identity of the region. Unfortunately, industrial monuments continue to be insufficiently appreciated and protected, and the technical degradation of old post-industrial buildings progresses at a disturbingly rapid rate. This is the reason why the publication Zabytki techniki Śląska. Przewodnik po wybranych obiektach (The Monuments of Technology in Silesia. A Guide to Select Objects) is regarded as extremely apt and necessary. The guidebook contains a list of 112 objects in 47 localities. Each of the entries (also in English and German) provides historical data about industrial enterprises. The authors discuss assorted branches of industry: ironworks, mines, textile works, breweries, the railway, etc., and outline the biographies of the creators of Silesian industry. The presented publication is the first attempt at identifying the varied monuments of technology in the voivodeship of Silesia, and comprises an important element in the preparation of a programme of industrial tourism, which for many objects could be the only chance of survival.
PL
Turystyka na obszarach poprzemysłowych jest w naszym kraju zjawiskiem stosunkowo nowym. Wpisuje się zarówno w zakres turystyki kulturowej, jak i turystki miejskiej, zyskując coraz więcej zwolenników. Obszary miast poprzemysłowych mają potencjał turystyczny w postaci czynnych jeszcze obiektów przemysłowych oraz zabytkowych obiektów poprzemysłowych, takich jak: dawne kopalnie, hałdy, kominy czy wieże wyciągowe. Elementy te są charakterystyczne dla krajobrazu miasta Bytomia, świadczą o jego tożsamości, unikatowości i bogatej historii regionu, lecz są pomijane przez władze miasta w działaniach na rzecz rozwoju turystyki. Diagnoza istniejącego potencjału poprzemysłowego miejscowości, jego pogłębiona analiza i umiejętne wykorzystanie może stać się impulsem do zwiększenia roli turystyki postindustrialnej na terenie miasta. Przeprowadzone badania i analizy pozwoliły na wskazanie istniejącego potencjału istotnego dla rozwoju turystyki poprzemysłowej na terenie miasta Bytomia. Znajdujące się tam obiekty mają wiele do zaoferowania, funkcjonują też w świadomości mieszkańców i władz jako obiekty ciekawe i warte upowszechnienia. Niestety pomimo dużej wartości historycznej nie pełnią dziś znaczących funkcji turystycznych.
Turyzm
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 1
25-36
PL
Celem autora artykułu jest ocena funkcjonowania turystycznej linii tramwajowej we Wrocławiu w 2018 r. pod względem atrakcyjności oferty dla turystów, zainteresowania przejazdami oraz kosztów i opłacalności jej utrzymania, by ostatecznie wskazać pewne ogólne wnioski dotyczące obecności tego typu oferty w turystyce miejskiej. Zakres czasowy, uwzględniony w analizie w niniejszej pracy, jest szczególnie ważny, ponieważ rozszerzenie liczby przewoźników z jednego do dwóch pozwoliło na wprowadzenie wielu zmian w ofercie. Na podstawie danych ze sprzedaży biletów można stwierdzić, że linia cieszy się największą popularnością w lipcu i sierpniu, choć nawet wtedy średni odsetek zajętych miejsc siedzących jest niższy niż 50%. Kursy z przewodnikiem są nieco mniej popularne niż przejazdy bez niego. W związku z tym w pracy przedstawiono pewne propozycje, które mogą przyczynić się do zwiększenia zainteresowania linią, takie jak wydłużenie czasu kursowania (w ciągu dnia i w skali roku) czy wprowadzenie nowych rodzajów biletów lub dodatkowych atrakcji.
10
88%
EN
Poland is the site of numerous extant and unique industrial facilities which, deprived of conservation protection, will be turned into scrap metal or pulled down, although they could serve social education by stirring an awareness of participation in a constant process of the development of technical civilization. At present, the privatisation of the economy and the implementation of market principles has produced a serious threat to historical objects and complexes, connected with technical industrial legacy, in a situation when binding legal regulations are not conducive for an effective protection of industrial heritage. The article discusses prime trends of the activity pursued by conservation services, local initiatives and the efforts of associations intent on the documentation and protection of the monuments o f technology.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań ankietowych, których celem była identyfikacja uwarunkowań inwestycyjnych w obszarze zagospodarowania poprzemysłowych nieruchomości zabytkowych. Uzyskane wyniki zaprezentowano w postaci analizy SWOT, uwzględniającej najważniejsze czynniki wpływające na inwestycje w zabytki techniki. Rezultaty badań umożliwiły diagnozę polskich uwarunkowań inwestycji w badanym obszarze oraz na wskazanie kierunków zmian, które powinny nastąpić w przestrzeni legislacyjnej i społecznej, by skuteczniej chronić dziedzictwo przemysłowe.
EN
The paper presents the research results on the identification of the conditions of investing in industrial heritage. The results of the research are presented in the form of the SWOT analysis which includes the most important factors influencing industrial heritage investments. The conducted research gives an opportunity to diagnose the conditions of investing in industrial heritage in Poland. It also forms the basis for changes in legislation and social fields, to make heritage preservation more effective.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2008
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issue 4
5-6
EN
On 4-5 June 2009 Foundation Hereditas, with the cooperation of the Polish Chamber of Artists Conservators of Works of Art, the Polish TICCHI Committee and the Open Museum of Technology Foundation, held in Warsaw a conference on “The postindustrial heritage and its culturecreating role”. Patronage over the conference was entrusted to the Mazovian Voivodeship Conservator of Historical Monuments, and its host was the Mazovian Culture and Art Centre. The debates were accompanied by an exhibition of photographs by Piotr G. Mądrach: ”The Ironworks in Chlewiska” and ”The Ironworks in Starachowice”. The second day of the meeting involved studio tours of selected post-industrial sites in Warsaw. One of the fundamental objectives of the conference was a discussion about the adaptation of post-industrial buildings for new purposes. The debates included presentations of selected monuments of technology and complexes of post-industrial development at home and abroad as well as the adaption initiatives conducted within their range, considered from the viewpoint of conservation and investments. Other topics were connected with the popularisation by the museums of values introduced by industrial heritage.
14
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Pomniki historii

75%
EN
On 22 September 1994 — the last day of the Days of European Heritage held in Poland — fifteen towns, complexes and historical objects of particular merit for national culture were recognised by the President of the Polish Republic, at the request of the Minister of Culture and Art, as monuments of history. This first Polish list of monuments selected among a hundred candidates includes the historical urban complexes of Gdańsk, Kazimierz Dolny, Krakow, Toruń, Warsaw, Wrocław and Zamość, the mediaeval castle complex in Malbork, the monastic-defensive complex of Jasna Gora in Częstochowa and the cathedral-defensive complex in Frombork, the cathedral in Gniezno as well as architectonic-archeological and technical monuments — the prehistoric defensive settlement in Biskupin, the neolithic mine in Krzemionki Opatowskie, the early mediaeval castle- town in Ostrow Legnicki and the twelfth-century salt mine in Wieliczka.
Turyzm
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 1
107-124
PL
Zabytkowa Linia Tramwajowa jest jedną z atrakcji turystycznych Wrocławia. Stanowi formę wykorzystania dużej i różnorodnej kolekcji wiekowych tramwajów, które obrazują rozwój komunikacji miejskiej w stolicy Dolnego Śląska czy – w szerszym ujęciu – w Europie Środkowej. Choć linia funkcjonuje już od 2009 r., to w ostatnich latach w ofercie wprowadzane są duże modyfikacje, m.in. zwiększenie liczby tras, dodanie komentarza przewodnika, dywersyfikacja zabytkowego taboru czy zmiany w taryfie. Celem artykułu jest ocena tych działań pod kątem zainteresowania turystów. Przeanalizowano statystyki dotyczące frekwencji i sprzedaży biletów w sezonie turystycznym w 2019 r. i porównano je z danymi z poprzedniego roku, mając na uwadze zwiększenie dostępności oferty poprzez wyraźne obniżenie cen biletów i zaplanowanie dużej liczby przystanków, co przynajmniej częściowo upodobniło Zabytkową Linię Tramwajową do linii zwykłych. Wprowadzone zmiany skutkowały wyraźnie większą liczbą pasażerów, ale mniejszymi przychodami, a także pewnymi problemami o charakterze organizacyjnym, jak np. zapewnienie odpowiedniej jakości obsługi przewodnickiej przy odbywającej się co chwila wymianie pasażerów. Rozważania prowadzone są w kontekście sposobów kształtowania produktu turystycznego.
EN
The protection of cultural heritage in the twenty first century is determined by a number of factors (de-industrialisation, progress in information and communication technology, insufficiencies of cultural education, virtualisation of reality and experiences, assumption of many state tasks by selfgovernments, and limited state funds for the conservation of historical monuments). All these processes are more or less concurrent with the principles of sustainable development, proclaimed in 1987, referred to in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland in 1997 and defined in the Statute of 27 April 2001 on the protection of the natural environment. This idea is also taken into account by many international documents enacted in the past twenty years by UNESCO, the Council of Europe, ICOMOS and TICCIH. The key problem consists of a reference of the principles of sustainable development to culture and, in particular, to the protection of cultural heritage resources. A new approach is required by the analysis applied both in relation to non-material phenomena and assorted artefacts. Conservation calls for new methods of valorisation, sufficiently universal to encompass all cultural goods and suitably simple and detailed to be applied in daily research-scientific praxis. Upon the basis of an analysis of international documents and foreign publications the article proposes a methodical valorisation of historical objects, founded on a canon of 12 identified values comprising, respectively, a collection of cultural values relating to the past of a given heritage resource (social identity, authenticity, integrity, uniqueness, historical value and artistic value) as well as a collection of socio-economic values expressing contemporary reality and anticipating the needs of the future generations (social usefulness, functional sustainability, economical value, educational value, aesthetic value and political value). The method should be universal, and the process of rendering precise the analysis arguments and the assessment criteria should depend on the type of resource, i.e. whether it is material or non-material, movable or non-movable, a single monument or a complex, a historical site or a cultural landscape. True, a work of art, monumental architecture and a monument of technology differ, but the names of their potential values should remain identical, expressing the holistic paradigm of culture. Such an interpretation takes into account the strategic target of contemporary conservation-restoration as well as all sorts of revitalizations (regeneration, rehabilitation) of the historical substance, which should invariably comprise a balanced retention of all the values of assorted cultural heritage resources for the future generations, This is a dynamic and complicated social process, taking place in changing economic and political conditions, which frequently involves parties pursuing equally different goals. The protection of historical monuments calls for lively negotiations for the sake of their survival, processes that should be consistently accompanied by a vision of the present-day and future beneficiaries of the values in question.
EN
The future of monument protection depends to a greater extent on methods of managing this resource. This is an ever more difficult problem, since complexity of values and functions of monuments is growing as well as, simultaneously, pressure to convert them. Sites entered to the UNESCO World Heritage List represent a certain test site for management problems concerning objects with the highest value. Management plans, the development and implementation of which became an obligation for administrators of UNESCO sites, are supposed to be the main tool in this regard. Operating guidelines specify a number of elements the management plan should contain, however, there is no universal specimen of such document. It is legitimate to create model management plans for groups of sites with similar characteristics. Above all, a model management plan should take account of the protection of values that justified the designation of a given status. This element has a universal character in management plans. This means that one can use best experiences collected on various sites entered to the List. New Lanark residential and industrial complex and Forth Bridge management systems have been selected as a subject of analysis. The New Lanark factory settlement was entered to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001. The Forth Bridge was entered in 2015. In both cases management plans reflecting the specificity of a site and individual needs of technological monuments were developed. Notwithstanding any systemic differences, the Scottish experiences allow us to draw a number of conclusions we should take into account while preparing management plans for Polish UNESCO sites. The site management should provide for close cooperation between the most important stakeholders who can influence the object’s destiny. Particular partners have different competences, capacities and qualifications. However unexchangeable, they complement one another. Only the management system that includes substantial partners can be efficient – it enables us to maintain and convert the site in an assumed direction. Management of a historical resource (particularly a complex) should be multifunctional. Limiting a site to a museum does not create sufficient economic basis. Combination of numerous functions based on using – and respecting – historical values is possible, if organised (or supervised) by a site manager who has formal and substance-related competences in the scope of managing the site as protected heritage. An industrial monument can be attractive as an example of heritage; it can form a basis for plenty of functional solutions using its historic values; it can also form a basis for a intensive tourism. Multifunctional management of an industrial monument can take place at preserving an acceptable conservation maintenance standard. Management of a complex, multifunctional site is a process that should be executed on the basis of a management plan. Such a document – apart from standard information specified in operating guidelines – should contain a long-term vision, a strategy for a couple of years and short (one-year) action plans. A management plan should also take account of risks and possibilities generated by protection to local communities, particularly if it is linked with such status as the entry to the UNESCO List.
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