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Tolerancjonizm. Ryszarda Legutki krytyka tolerancji

100%
Breczko J.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2014
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vol. 26
445-466
EN
In the present paper I will discuss some of Ryszard Legutko’s ideas about the concept of tolerance; with particular emphasis on the distinction between the negative and positive tolerance (passive and active, respectively). I will sketch the historical background of this distinction and describe the extra- ordinary career of the notion of positive tolerance in the context of modern Occidental culture, concluding with the idea of “tolerantionism”. Finally, I will try to introduce a few objections to Legutko’s critical approach to tolerance, taking into account not only the coherence, but also the development (creativity) of European culture and Western Civilization. Legutko’s vision can be described as conservative, mine is rather “oscillating”. When a culture be- comes too monolithic, it is natural to encourage more pluralism; however, if there is excessive pluralism, then monism should be promoted (triumph and absolute domination of the only one ideal – even the right one – tends to be harmful not only for the social freedom, but also for this same ideal; absolute power corrupts).
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Imperium Azteków jako zwieńczenie cywilizacji mezoamerykańskiej

100%
Skorupka A.
Cywilizacja i Polityka
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2022
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vol. 20
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issue 20
24-36
PL
Artykuł przedstawia dzieje cywilizacji mezoamerykańskiej, ze szczególnym uwzlędnieniem imperium Azteków jako kulminacji tej cywilizacji. Dzieje dawnych społeczności są bowiem często pouczające dla czasów współczesnych; dlatego autor stara się zrozumieć azteckie pojęcie teotl oraz sens składania ofiar z ludzi przez ten lud.
EN
The article presents the history of the Mesoamerican civilization, with particular emphasis on the Aztec empire as the culmination of this civilization. For the history of ancient societies is often instructive for modern times; therefore, the author tries to understand the Aztec concept of teotl and the meaning of human sacrifice by this people.
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Słabnięcie chrześcijaństwa a kondycja zachodniej cywilizacji. Katastrofizm Leszka Kołakowskiego

100%
Breczko J.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2015
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vol. 27
79-104
EN
The historiosophical views of Leszek Kolakowski I qualify as cultural catastrophism (in the absence of an alternative). Progress in the sphere of civilization, technical and scientific companions – in his opinion – is a serious spiritual crisis, a crisis in culture. The main reason for this crisis is moving away from Christianity, and especially from the teachings of Jesus (loss of consciousness of the imminent end of the world and moving away from the ”ethics of love” for utilitarian calculation). I distinguish three problem areas, and at the same time three dangerous tendencies – associated with the weakening of Christianity – which may lead to a serious crisis, and even the destruction of Western civilization: the disappearance of the moral subject; increasing the spiral of needs and greed; the occurrence of severe – often secular – religion substitutes that turn into “tyrannical idols”. Awareness of the risks may, however, lead to healing (hence alternativity catastrophism); the best remedy is – according to Kolakowski – revitalization of Christianity in a variation of universalist and tolerant.
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Kulturowe filary zachodniej cywilizacji : szkic retrospektywny

80%
Czupryk R.
Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej
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2021
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issue 28
41-55
EN
The Mediterranean region is the cradle of the oldest civilizations and great monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It is a place where many mental currents and achievements in art and technology radiate. It is a theatre of political, military, economic and social events. In reflection on the cultural shape of western civilization, basic concepts will be discussed: culture, heritage, identity. In this context, three lines of ancient traditions will be recalled, the symbols of which are the hills / cities: Acropolis / Athens; Capitoline / Rome; Golgotha / Jerusalem. Knowledge of the cultural origins of Europe is the basis of knowledge about the European identity; a sign of respect for the values of the community and the historical memory of the Christians heritage.
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