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EN
Wanda Mamertyna Jasieńska from Tudorów (poviat Równe in Volhynia) died of cancer 22 January 1935 in Warsaw. Three months before her death she bequeathed her landed estate of over 200 hectares in Tudorów to the Salesians of St Jacek Province, whose provincial superior was the Rev. Tomasz Kopa. In return, the Salesians were supposed to organise an educational institution which could run gardening courses for young people. Wanda lived with her mother in Żytomierz. When she was 16 - in 1886, she married Władysław Konstanty Wincenty Jasieński, the landowner from Tudorów, whose land estate she inherited after his death and after paying off the incurred debts. They had no children. After the death of her mother Alina in 1914 in Żytomierz, Wanda did not divide her mother’s inheritance to give one part of it to her sister Wieńczysława Regina, who repeatedly claimed her part of the property. At that time Józef Bronikowski from Równe started visiting Wanda. He became her and her husband’s confidant. In 1926 Wanda endowed his family with a land of about 20 hectares along with a house and outbuildings, and when her husband Władysław died in 1929, Bronikowski took control of Wanda’s landed estate in Tudorów. During Wanda’s incurable disease, Bronikowski isolated her on purpose and he not only managed the property, but also decided about Wanda’s treatment excluding her family or anybody whom she knew. Finally, a few months before she died, he influenced sick Wanda, whose sanity was doubtful, to make a will. According to Wanda’s family, Bronikowski terrorised the sick woman in the last months of her life. He did not let anyone visit her and he controlled her private correspondence for his own purposes. The departed Wanda Jesieńska was buried in her land in Tudorów, where according to her wish, a chapel for Salesian pastoral work was to have been built. The Salesians could take over the land that was given to them by Wanda only after the death of the land agent, Józef Bronikowski, who was to manage it at his own discretion without any intervention from both the family and the Salesians who were inheritors. He was not even obliged to submit any reports and accounts of the property management It is interesting that the departed Wanda did not bequeath anything to her only sister, Wieńczysława. She made a small bequest to her sister’s children, servants in the manor house, charitable purposes and the National Museum in Krakow. A privileged position of Bronikowski and humiliating position of the inheritors who did not have the right to make use of the property bequeathed to them during Bronikowski’s life indicates that the will was made to bring advantages to Bronikowski whose property management made a substantial contribution to his income. When Wanda’s will became legally binding, the family took measures to invalidate it. The case was first examined in Równem, then in the Court Appeal in Lublin and finally in the Supreme Court in Warsaw. The Salesians in the person of provincial superior from Krakow, who were endowed with a doubtful bequest, did not support the family’s endeavours. The Second World War prevented Wanda’s family from pursuing further claims concerning the inheritance. Also, Brokikowski was deprived of the right to the property income when Volhynia became a part of the Soviet Union after the Second World War.
EN
Full title: [Recenzja]: Marcin Wrzos, Polskie czasopiśmiennictwo misyjne po II wojnie światowej. Studium misjologiczno-prasoznawcze, –Poznań: [Kuria Prowincjonalna Misjonarzy Oblatów Maryi Niepokalanej], 2013. – 545, [1] s.: il.: 24 cm. – (Studia i Materiały Misjologiczne; 28). – 978-83-63775-08-7
PL
Pełny tytuł: [Recenzja]: Marcin Wrzos, Polskie czasopiśmiennictwo misyjne po II wojnie światowej. Studium misjologiczno-prasoznawcze, –Poznań: [Kuria Prowincjonalna Misjonarzy Oblatów Maryi Niepokalanej], 2013. – 545, [1] s.: il.: 24 cm. – (Studia i Materiały Misjologiczne; 28). – 978-83-63775-08-7
EN
The commonly known representation of Tree of Jesse, as inspired by the words „And the wand will come out of the root of Jesse and a flower will grow out of from its root” (Isaiah 11:1), proves the interpersonal relationships with Jesus and His messianic prophecy - by indicating on David. But since the earliest times this theme has been explored in the secular art because branching limbs with characters of descendants, growing from the parents’ chest, clearly illustrate the relations resulting from successions of generations within the family framework. This kind of representations was also popular in orders. At that time they not only provided the information on the background of spiritual path but also the assurance of its effectiveness on the way to reach Heaven. The images of the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré, also known as the Premonstratensians, elaborated upon in this paper, was to make canons regular believe that abiding by the rules and laws made by the Order and praising the Eucharist, canons regular may master themselves to perfection and the saints of the order, who had already successfully fulfilled this recommendation, were the best teachers on the path of spiritual progress.  
EN
 In the first phase of bringing the Order of the Holy Sepulchre down to Poland in 1163, bishops of dioceses were founders and donors of the Order (Cracow Bishop Gedko, Plock Bishop Lapus) and acknowledged the foundations as the heritage left by their predecessors. In 15th Century they were Gniezno Archbishop Mikołaj Trąba and Kiev Bishop Michał Treska. Since 14th Century the assets belonging to the Order of Holy Sepulchre had been titbits for bishops, especially for the poorer dioceses but also for Cracow bishops (Piotr Gamrat). Conflicts arose from recruitment procedures conducted in the Order where bishops employed diocesan priests. Since 1567 or the establishment of the commendation, commendatory provosts, where bishops had been in majority, had contributed to moral decline of the Order. The positive conduct of Andrzej Batory and Maciej Łubieński exclusively stood out. Permanent disputes among bishops, the king, and the monastery for material benefits derivable from the Order’s assets, bad examples set by commendatory provosts, the lack of authority and authoritarianism resulted in the laxity of morals in the Order and concurrently accounted for the relaxation of discipline, violation of the rules and laws made by the Order, sloth, idleness, drunkenness and immorality. In 18th Century the attempts to reform the Order, made by the provosts, were insufficient and unsuccessful to control the status quo in the Order because of the bad example that came from the top.  
XX
Na Pomorzu Zachodnim u schyłku średniowiecza było 68 klasztorów, w tym: 48 męskich i 20 żeńskich, a na wschód od Odry 42 klasztory, w tym: 30 męskich i 12 żeńskich. W tej liczbie znalazło się, aż 22 klasztorów cysterskich, w tym: 9 męskich i 13 żeńskich, co stanowiło prawie 30% wszystkich wspólnot zakonnych i odpowiednio – 20% cystersi oraz ok. 60% cysterki; natomiast na wschód od Odry było 11 klasztorów cysterskich, w tym: 4 męskie (Kołbacz, Bierzwnik, Bukowo i Mironice) i 7 żeńskich (Szczecin, Marianowo, Koszalin, Wolin, Cedynia, Pełczyce, Recz), co stanowiło ok. 25% wszystkich wspólnot zakonnych na wschód od Odry i odpowiednio – ok. 15% cystersi oraz ok. 60% cysterki. Można powiedzieć, że cystersi w biskupstwie kamieńskim, a szczególnie na ziemi zachodniopomorskiej, stanowili swoistą „krainę cysterską” z całym bogactwem duchowości i posługi duszpasterskiej, agrarnej, naukowej, charytatywnej, a także społecznej.
EN
In the Western Pomerania in the late Middle Ages were 68 monasteries, including 48 male and 20 female, and east of the Oder 42 monasteries, including 30 male and 12 female. Of that number, there were up 22 Cistercian monasteries, including 9 male and 13 female, which accounted for almost 30% of all religious communities and respectively – 20% of the Cistercian monks and nuns around 60%, while east of the Oder were 11 Cistercian monasteries, including 4 men (Kołbacz, Bierzwnik, Bukowo and Mironice) and 7 female (Szczecin, Marianowo, Koszalin, Wolin Cedynia, Pełczyce, Recz), which accounted for approximately 25% of all religious communities east of the Oder and respectively – about 15% of the Cistercians, and about 60% of the nuns. We can say that the Cistercians in the Episcopate Kamien, especially on the ground of West Pomerania, were a kind of “land Cistercian” with a wealth of spirituality and pastoral ministry, agrarian, scientific, charitable, and social welfare.
PL
Wincenty Lutosławski stworzył koncepcję quasi-religijną narodu, którego członkowie są połączeni więzią o charakterze przypominającym zjednoczenie mistyczne. Prawdziwe narody są zdaniem filozofa tworzone przez Boga i ich liczba jest ograniczona. Dodać należy, że koncepcja Lutosławskiego była tworzona w sytuacji, gdy Polska była na ponad 100 lat wymazana z mapy świata. W celu umocnienia kondycji narodu Lutosławski postulował utworzenie Zakonu Kowali, którego celem miała być edukacja patriotyczna. Koncepcje głoszone przez filozofa (np. doktryna reinkarnacji) były odległe od zasad katolickiej ortodoksji.
EN
Wincenty Lutosławski created a quasi-religious concept of a nation whose members are connected by a bond reminiscent of mystical union. True nations, according to the philosopher, are created by God and their number is limited. It should be added that Lutosławski’s concept was created when Poland was erased from the world map for over 100 years. In order to strengthen the condition of the nation, Lutosławski called for the creation of the Blacksmith Order, whose aim was to be patriotic education. The concepts advocated by the philosopher (e.g., the doctrine of reincarnation) were far from the principles of Catholic orthodoxy.
EN
Through an analysis of coats of arms of various monastic communities we recognize their goals and spirituality. These generalizations apply as well to the two coats of arms presented in this paper, which have been used by the Camaldolese Order. In order to understand a message of signs used by a congregation one should refer to its beginnings, founders and history over the centuries. Heraldic research based on historical context and monastic legislature enables us to follow the forming of charisma and its evolution. It enables us also to learn about the value and importance of monastic life and hence, the richness of the Church.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje próbę wyjaśnienia godła Zakonu Kamedułów i Kongregacji Pustelników Kamedułów Góry Koronnej
PL
Z końcem XIX w. w Galicji funkcjonowało wiele organizacji i stowarzyszeń, z których część była związana z Kościołem katolickim i działała w oparciu o zasady wiary katolickiej, niosąc pomoc potrzebującym. Uwarunkowania prawne Austrii, pod której panowaniem pozostawała Galicja oraz wydana 15 listopada 1867 r. ustawa o prawie stowarzyszania się, pozwoliły zaistnieć licznym stowarzyszeniom. Jednym z takich stowarzyszeń było Bractwo Najświętszej Panny Maryi Królowej Korony Polskiej w Krakowie. Zostało ono erygowane 3 maja 1891 r. Data powstania nie była przypadkowa; w zamiarze założycieli Bractwo miało nawiązywać do wydarzeń historycznych z dziejów Polski. W statucie stowarzyszenia poczyniono wyraźne nawiązania do ślubów lwowskich króla Jana Kazimierza z 1656 r. oraz do uchwalenia Konstytucji 3 Maja. Pracą swych członków Bractwo miało realizować owe śluby kazimierzowskie i przyczyniać się zarówno do poprawy losu ubogich jak i do szerzenia patriotyzmu wśród narodu polskiego. Istotną rolę w tworzeniu i działalności Bractwa Najświętszej Panny Maryi Królowej Korony Polskiej w Krakowie odegrała osoba ks. Józefa Pelczara. Poświęcił on wiele czasu i wysiłku, aby Bractwo mogło zrealizować przyjęte w statucie założenia i cele. Nie sposób pominąć także jego udziału w procesie powstawania Zgromadzenia zakonnego Służebnic Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego. Zgromadzenie to niejako wywodzi się ze wspomnianego Bractwa. Obydwie organizacje niosły pomoc materialną i wsparcie duchowe potrzebującym, co było niezwykle istotne pośród panującej „nędzy galicyjskiej”.
EN
At the end of the 19th century, Galicia was home to numerous organisations and associations, many of them being related to the Roman Catholic Church, operating in line with the principles of Catholic faith and bringing help to the needy. Austrian legal regulations, also affecting Galicia, and the 15 November 1867 Right of association act allowed numerous associations. One of such organisations was Krakow-based Brotherhood of Holy Mary, Queen of the Polish Crown. It was established on 3rd May 1891. The date of establishment was not chosen randomly; the founders of the brotherhood intended to evoke the historic events of Poland’s past. The statute of the organisation clearly referred to Lviv vows taken by King Jan Kazimierz in 1656 and the adoption of the Constitution of 3rd May. Through its members’ work, the brotherhood aimed to realize those king’s vows and contribute both to the improvement of the condition of the poor and to the promotion of patriotism among Poles. A crucial role in the establishment and functioning of the Brotherhood of Holy Mary, Queen of the Polish Crown in Krakow belonged to the Rev. Józef Pelczar. He devoted time and effort for the brotherhood to be able to implement the goals defined in the statute. His participation in the development of the religious congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus must not be overlooked. The congregation stems from the brotherhood. Both organisations offered material and spiritual support to those in want, which was of utmost import in the overwhelming Galician poverty.
EN
The inspiration for writing this article was “A small chronicle of the residence of the Carmelites of the Ancient Observance in Poznań”. The following work is the first study based on sources concerning directly the monks from the province of Great Poland. The presented data refl ect only the information included in the given sources and publications and they are the basis for the further study on this monastic family. The study focuses on the Carmelites of the Ancient Observance in the Great Poland Province from 1686, the year when they came into their own, to the dissoluton of the orders in the 19th century. The article is not the catalogue of the monks; it only shows the basic biographical details, which should be confronted with other sources. This source study does not follow the current standards either; it is only the compilation of a few sources. In this way we can gain more details about particular monks. These are not probably all monks of this province, and the subsequent manuscripts and publications will show new characters.
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