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Sieluń, pow. makowski. Nowe stanowisko kultury wielbarskiej na północnym Mazowszu

100%
Prochowicz R., Rakowski T.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2013
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vol. LXIV
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issue 64
198-210
EN
The assemblage of copper alloy objects presented in the article comes from a series of random discoveries made around 2005 in the farmland between Sieluń and Dyszobaba (both, villages in Maków Mazowiecki County), lying to the west of Lake Sieluńskie and the river Róż which flows from the lake on its south side (Fig. 1). Except for a plate-headed brooch now in the regional museum (Muzeum Ziemi Zawkrzeńskiej) in Mława (inv. no. A/1432), all these objects are at present held by the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw (inv. no. IV/10481). Almost all of these finds may be attributed to Wielbark Culture settlement. The earliest of them (phases B2/C1 and C1) are a fragmented brooch, Almgren group V series 8 (Fig. 2:1) and an incomplete brooch with a high catchplate, a so-called Sarmatian variant (Fig. 2:3). The other finds date to the mature phase C of the Roman Period and to the Early Migration Period: next to the relatively common brooches type A 172 (Fig. 2:5.6) and a buckle similar to types AH14-15 of R. Madyda-Legutko (Fig. 2:9) there are also forms unique or only rarely present in Wielbark Culture deposits. Definitely in the first of these categories is an object of obscure function (Fig. 2:4), which has a profiling analogical to unipartite brooches with a closed catchplate known from Moravia and western Slovakia dated to phases C3–D. The second category is represented by a caterpillar brooch, I series, of M. Tuszyńska (Fig. 2:7), and a plate-headed brooch, group B of A. Kokowski (Fig. 2:8). According to the recently published archival material (A. Bitner-Wróblewska, A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz, T. Nowakiewicz 2011) brooches with a corrugated bow and a head not provided with either a knob, a plate or a projection are encountered most often on the territory of Balt cultures, more rarely, on the territory of Wielbark Culture. The preservation of the brooch from Sieluń is too poor to determine the form of its foot. It could have been rectangular, as in most specimens known to us, but it is also possible that, similarly as the brooch from grave 100B from Cecele, Siemiatycze County, the foot was lozengic. Plate-headed brooches are forms characteristic for southern Gothic cultures. In the region to the north of the Carpathians their finds are relatively rare. The specimen from Sieluń differs a little from similar brooches known from the territory of the Masłomęcz Group and Balt cultures by having an upper, rather a lower, cross-bow shaped XX, secured by means of a special notch in the plate in which the axis of the spring is fixed. A similar design of the fastening is seen in plate-headed brooches from Ukrainian finds, some of them forms similar to group B. With a diameter of 28 mm the ring (Fig. 2:2) is interpreted as a belt fitting and cannot be dated more closely – similar forms are known both from the Early and the Late Roman Period. At the present stage of inquiry it is hard to conclude whether the artifacts from Sieluń are settlement or grave finds. The first possibility would be supported by the absence of cremated bone and preservation – none of these metal objects had been affected by fire. At the same time there is no evidence that during the period of interest the area was suitable for settlement – the level of the farmland at Sieluń, site of discovery of our group of artifacts, had an elevation only a little higher than the water level in the nearby lake and river (Fig. 1). Without test trenching and specialist geological studies we cannot hope to resolve this question. Regardless of the character of the site at Sieluń it may definitely be regarded as evidence on Wielbark Culture settlement in a part of Mazowsze which until recently used to be viewed as an area mostly lacking in Wielbark Culture finds. The same farmland at Sieluń also yielded the find of a silver Celtic coin, type Simmering, unique for the area to the north of the Carpathians, struck around mid-1st century BC. It may be attributed to Przeworsk Culture settlement of phase A3 of the Late Pre-Roman Period, possibly even phase B1 of the Early Roman Period (J. Andrzejowski, w druku).
2
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Zbiór fibul z okresu wpływów rzymskich z okolic Ostrowa Lednickiego. Przyczynek do pełniejszego rozpoznania przemian kulturowych w pierwszych wiekach naszej ery w rejonie jeziora Lednica

80%
Wawrzyniak M.
Studia Lednickie
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2021
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vol. 20
9-31
EN
Three years ago, with the knowledge and support of the restoration services of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica, together with the Wielkopolska Exploratory and Historical Group ‘GNIAZDO’ Association, surface penetration of the areas located around Lake Lednica began, within the Lednica project. So far, the research conducted with the use of the latest remote sensing and measurement techniques has yielded numerous finds of metal relics, with a chronology spanning from the Bronze Age to the present day. The finds include twenty four fibulae from the period of Roman influence. Their formal analysis is the subject of this article.
PL
Trzy lata temu, za wiedzą i przy wsparciu służb konserwatorskich Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy, wspólnie ze Stowarzyszeniem Wielkopolska Grupa Eksploracyjno-Historyczna „GNIAZDO”, rozpoczęto powierzchniową penetrację obszarów położonych wokół jeziora Lednica w ramach Projektu Lednica. Dotychczasowe badania, przeprowadzone przy wykorzystaniu najnowszych technik teledetekcyjnych i pomiarowych, przyniosły rozliczne znaleziska zabytków metalowych o chronologii rozpiętej od epoki brązu po czasy współczesne, w tym dwadzieścia cztery fibule z okresu wpływów rzymskich. Ich analiza formalna stanowi treść niniejszego artykułu.
3
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Nowe materiały z okresu wpływów rzymskich z Osówki, pow. lubelski

80%
Kuzioła A.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2020
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vol. LXXI
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issue 71
384-388
EN
Until now, Osówka (Fig. 1) has been known from the scant mention by Stefan Nosek who described an accidentally discovered grave of the Przeworsk Culture. In 1994, attempts were made to localise the site, but they proved unsuccessful. The breakthrough came in 2008 thanks to three bronze brooches that were handed over to Ass. Prof. Piotr Łuczkiewicz from the Institute of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. In the same year, a local site inspection was carried out to further verify the find. During exploration of the site, several fragments of pottery were found, including possibly shards of Przeworsk Culture vessels. The brooches from Osówka were typologically identified as a late form of the Almgren 41 type, an Almgren 96 type, and a provincial Roman knee brooch of the Almgren 247 type. Almgren 41 brooches are widespread in Wielbark Culture areas and much less common in Przeworsk Culture areas. Such brooches are traditionally dated to the late stage of phase B2 and above all to phases B2/C1 or B2/C1–C1a. Based on size, the Osówka copy (Fig. 2:a) was determined as type X1 according to the classification proposed by Jan Schuster. This is an interregional form mostly found in female burials. Almgren 96 brooches (Fig. 2:b) are typical of the Wielbark Culture, however, in much smaller numbers they also appear in the Przeworsk Culture area. The type is the guiding form of the B2/C1 phase. The third brooch (Fig. 2:c), having a semi-circular head plate ornamented with a so-called wolf teeth pattern should be assigned to type 13D after Werner Jobst or to variant 3.12.1 according to the classification by Emilie Riha. These types of brooches are characteristic of the Danube and Rhine provinces of the Roman Empire where were in use mostly in the 2nd and 3rd century CE. Osówka brooches confirm that that the site was a Roman Period cemetery. The grave published by Stefan Nosek proves that in phase B2 it was used by a local Przeworsk community. Three brooches found in 2008 are evidence that the cemetery remained in use in phase B2/C1. However, it is very difficult to determine its cultural affiliation in this phase. In eastern Poland (i.e. right-bank Mazovia, Podlachia, and the Lublin Region) at the turn of the early and late Roman Period, the current Przeworsk settlement was gradually replaced by the Wielbark settlement.
4
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Sadłowo – nieznany typ bimetalicznych szpil kultury pomorskiej

80%
Kaczyński B.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2020
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vol. LXXI
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issue 71
239-250
EN
Dress fasteners with no known analogies in other cultural units appeared in the Pomeranian Culture at the end of Hallstatt Period D. Only their most impressive examples (brooches of the Tłukomy and Wymysłowo-Wróblewo types) drew the attention of researches and were further examined. Other regional forms of brooches and pins remain undescribed, including pins with iron shafts and bronze conical heads with concave bases and side surfaces decorated with transverse grooves. I refer to such objects as pins of the Sadłowo type. There are four known examples of pins of this type: from Sadłowo, Rypin County (Fig. 1, 2, 3:3), Kalisz-Majków, Kalisz County (Fig. 3:1), Nowe Borówko, Kościan County (Fig. 3:2), and Krusze-Osiek, Świecie County (Fig. 4). Three of them have been uncovered as a result of a search queries in the museums in Poznań, Płock and Warsaw (Fig. 3). The fourth pin, previously stored in the collection of the then Westpreußisches Provinzial-Museum in Gdańsk, was lost during the WWII. It has been identified thanks to the drawings preserved in the archives of Carl-Axel Moberg (Fig. 4:1) and Józef Kostrzewski (Fig. 4:2). Finds of the Sadłowo-type pins are scattered on the edges of the range of occurrence of bimetallic pins with conical heads (Fig. 5). The pins differ in secondary features. The specimens from Sadłowo and Krusze-Osiek have smaller heads with distinct tops. The heads of the pins from Nowe Borówko and Kalisz-Majków are larger, and their tops are not expanded; they also have clearer grooves on lateral surfaces. The differences may indicate that the pins were manufactured in workshops of two different groups of the Pomeranian Culture population. Based on the examination of contexts of the finds and stylistic analysis, the pin from Nowe Borówko should be considered the oldest example of Sadłowo-type pins. It was discovered in a multi-urn grave, which also contained fragments of pins of the Mrowino type and fragments of pectoral rings, i.e., elements of objects typical of phase HaD. The remaining pins are probably younger – they were found at cemeteries from which pins characteristic of the Late Pre-Roman Period are also known41.49. The shape of the heads of Sadłowo-type pins, resembling tutuli, finds numerous analogies in dress fasteners from the Early Iron Age in Central Europe53.54.61.62. In particular, it applies to feet of brooches of Grabonóg-Grzmiąca64 and Wymysłowo-Wróblewo67.68 types from the early LTA phase, characteristic of the Pomeranian Culture. Knobs of similar shape can also be found on a brooch with cross-shaped bow from Konin69 and a pin from Janowiec Wielkopolski66, dated to the end of phase HaD and the beginning of the Late Pre-Roman Period. Ultimately, it can be assumed that the Sadłowo-type pins from Nowe Borówko and Kalisz-Majków date to the transition between phases HaD and LTA, while pins from Sadłowo and Krusze-Osiek date to LTA. Sadłowo-type pins belong to a group of original dress fasteners, which appeared in the areas covered by the expansion of the Pomeranian culture people at the end of phase HaD. It can be explained by a strong desire of this group to emphasise their distinctiveness. Similar phenomenon is known from the Jastorf culture, characterised by the same ‘migratory’ cultural model.
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