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EN
Neutrality of VAT was the key factor for the establishment of an internal market, characterized by free movements of goods and services without distortions of competition caused by differences i.e. in tax rates, tax exemptions, time of repayment. The common system of value added tax since the First VAT Directive, after 49 years – is still far from the definitive system. Henceforth transitional Intra-EU trade arrangements based on neutrality principle are effectively by VAT fraudsters, when applying Missing trader (MTIC or MTEC) or carousel fraud mechanism, reaching the scale of 100bnEUR yearly in the light of Europol estimations. Description of the mechanisms of the theft highlights its economic, legal and administrative aspects, just mentioning dangers for further integration of the EU. Proposals for the amendments of the current intra-EU VAT system within last 30 years, as well as current trends of so-called “split payment” and blocked chain technologies were presented. The risk for innocent parties (buffers) seems to increase in the light of the new approach of the Polish Tax Administration, even though the criminal aspect or fiscal penal aspects are still far from the clarity. The article examines the lack of definitive VAT system and fraudulent use of neutrality principle in particular transitional VAT arrangements.
EN
The aim of the article is a detailed illustration of the analysis of the case law of the CJEU and the Polish administrative judiciary in cases in the field of taxation with tax on goods and services, in which the principle of proportionality had a significant impact on resolving the issue of depriving a given entity of the right to deduct VAT in the case of fictitious chain transactions. Particular attention was paid to the provisions of Directive 112 in this regard and to the leading views of the CJEU and the resulting interpretation guidelines. There was also raised the issue of the impact of these views on the line of jurisprudence in Polish administrative courts. The conclusions mainly concern the possibility of violating the taxpayer’s rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland through incorrect implementation of EU directives.
PL
Celem artykułu jest szczegółowa ilustracja analizy orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej (TSUE) oraz polskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego w sprawach z zakresu opodatkowania podatkiem od towarów i usług, w których zasada proporcjonalności miała istotny wpływ na rozstrzygnięcie kwestii pozbawienia danego podmiotu prawa do odliczenia podatku naliczonego w przypadku fikcyjnych transakcji łańcuchowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na przepisy dyrektywy Rady 2006/112/WE z dnia 28 listopada 2006 r. w sprawie wspólnego systemu podatku od wartości dodanej1 w tym zakresie oraz na wiodące poglądy TSUE i wynikające z nich wskazania interpretacyjne. Została także poruszona kwestia wpływu tych poglądów na linię orzeczniczą w polskich sądach administracyjnych. Wnioski dotyczą głównie możliwości naruszenia praw podatnika zagwarantowanych przez Konstytucję Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r. wskutek błędnej implementacji dyrektyw unijnych.
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