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EN
The archives of private provenance that are preserved in the Polish public collections give a picture of the life of aristocratic families, who were the former ruling elite of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth. Representatives of these families knew the habit that obliged the officials to transfer files associated with public office they exercised to the archive of the institution. According to this habit, the transfer should have taken place after one had stepped down from office, but unfortunately this rule was not always observed. This is why, the records associated with the office of chancellor of the crown are often represented in the private archives (especially those of the Zamoyski and Radziwiłł families; office of hetman of the crown did not have its own archive; thus, papers produced by hetman were gathered in the private collections of officials who exercised the office). Records for the operation of the other offices exercised by the magnates: great marshals and court marshals or tribunal marshals are preserved in a smaller number of private collections. Private archives are also places where records of the Diet [Sejm] and Regional Diet [Dietmes, sejmik] are preserved: resolutions [laudum], instructions, reports of the sittings and debates [diariusz], speeches, as well as constitutions, the special case of The Constitution of May 3, 1791 at the head. Many persons gathered records of a political nature, making out of them theme collections. A new phenomenon occurred at the end of the eighteenth century, i.e. collecting of the historical sources. These collections were often created for patriotic reasons. In private collections were assembled series of public documents, including parts of the official archives. For example, part of The Crown Archive and The Treasury Archive is in the holdings of The Czartoryski Library in Kraków. Many ways of gathering of the public records in the private archives, and long – lasting nature of this process resulted in extremely varied and rich material for the study of political and social history of Poland being preserved in these archives.
PL
Archiwa o proweniencji prywatnej, przechowywane w polskich zbiorach publicznych, stanowią dokumentację życia rodzin magnackich, będących niegdyś elitą władzy Rzeczypospolitej. Przedstawiciele tych rodów znali zasadę mówiącą o konieczności przekazywania akt związanych ze sprawowaniem urzędu lub funkcji publicznej do archiwum instytucji, co powinno następować po zakończeniu urzędowania, ale niestety nie zawsze stosowali się do niej. Dlatego w archiwach prywatnych, zwłaszcza rodzin Radziwiłłów i Zamoyskich, licznie reprezentowane są akta związane ze sprawowaniem urzędu kanclerskiego (urząd hetmański nie posiadał własnego archiwum, więc akta hetmańskie gromadzono w zbiorach prywatnych kolejnych hetmanów). W mniejszej liczbie w zbiorach prywatnych zachowały się materiały do funkcjonowania innych urzędów sprawowanych przez magnatów: marszałków wielkich i nadwornych czy marszałków trybunalskich. Archiwa prywatne są też miejscem przechowywania akt sejmowych i sejmikowych: laudów, instrukcji, diariuszy, tekstów mów, a także poszczególnych konstytucji, ze szczególnym przypadkiem Konstytucji 3 Maja na czele. Wiele osobistości gromadziło akta o charakterze politycznym, tworząc z nich tematyczne sylwy. Przy końcu XVIII w. pojawia się nowe zjawisko, jakim było kolekcjonerstwo źródeł historycznych. Kolekcje te powstawały często z pobudek patriotycznych. W zbiorach prywatnych zgromadzono szereg dokumentów publicznych, w tym fragmentów archiwów urzędowych, jak części Archiwum Koronnego i Archiwum Skarbowego w Bibliotece Czartoryskich w Krakowie. Różnorodność dróg gromadzenia publików w archiwach prywatnych oraz długotrwały charakter tego procesu spowodował, że obecnie w archiwach tych przechowywany jest niezwykle różnorodny i bogaty materiał do badań historii politycznej i społecznej dawnej Rzeczypospolitej.
EN
Edward Chwalewik (1873-1956) is a very important person for Polish culture. He worked many years with books and cultural products and he collected very precious source materials. One of the results of their elaboration is the publication “Polish collections: archives, libraries, offices, galleries, museums and other collections of memorabilia of the past in the homeland and exile” (1916, 1926-1927). The priceless publication is in many cases the only source of information about the once existed collections of cultural heritage. The author, collector and exlibris expert, also included information about provenances. In a few thousand descriptions of various cultural institutions and objects, including the library, recorded ca 300 entries about exlibris – collections and individual signs of books owners. The article presents characteristics of these data and selected examples.
EN
Jan Smetanski (1881-1959), a Lviv natural historian and a high school teacher, was an avid bibliophile. He assembled a rich collection of 40,000 volumes, which was removed from Lviv after the war and located first in Przemysl and then in Katowice. After the owner died, the collection was dispersed. Some of the books were purchased by the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, a part by the Silesian Library in Katowice, a fragment of the collection remained in the possession of the family. The article discusses a fragment of Jan Smetanski’s collection kept in the collections of the Silesian Library.
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