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Metody leczenia chorób wśród ludu polskiego w XIX wieku. Próba bilansu

100%
Domańska A., Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi W. L.
Zeszyty Wiejskie
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2016
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vol. 22
EN
Knowledge of folk medicine is still fragmented and not fully tested. Folk medicine are rural home remedies, which are based mainly on raw materials derived from the plant world, ergo of herbs, shrubs, bushes and trees, and vines, lichens and fungi. Wild plants and plants cultivated for this end. Folk medicine also includes prayers and songs to the saints responsible for the care and treatment of diseases and plagues. The image of this kind of treatment in public opinion, and also in many other backgrounds, is generally tight and shallow, distorted and heavily tendentious, which makes it false. Many of the ways to maintain health were written in contemporary literature, periodicals as well as in monographic publications worked out by ethnographers, sociologists and a very few doctors. Some of the contemporary knowledge has survived and is used in herbalism today.
2
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Życie codzienne w czasach Mikołaja Kopernika. Higiena i lecznictwo - wybrane aspekty

100%
Grążawski K.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
|
2014
|
issue 4(286)
527-538
EN
The basis of urban hygiene was smooth supply of water and taking care of waste disposal beyond the city walls. Also favored maintaining hygiene sanitation (gdaniska) extended beyond the fundamental residential buildings castle with a trigger to running water, moats and rivers. In the urban area it happened, however, that toilets were placed in dried well, what with subcutaneous water movement led to the spread of diseases and epidemics. Also they formed baths in castles and bourgeois houses. Baths also have city hospitals, but infirmerie castle, which was essential for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Medieval medicine has its roots reached the achievements of antiquity, referring often to the experience of Hippocrates, Galen or Aristotle. Medical science began to be structured with the formation of the first. half of the twelfth century. European universities (Bologna, Paris, Padua, Avignon, Orleans). The most popular were Montpellier, Paris and Padua. The vast literary heritage of medieval monastic and lay herbariów, based on the ancient tradition of herbal and local observations, proves that formed the basis of herbs in contemporary medical practice. Medieval Christianity led to homesteading so by their own sacred objects of nature, having so far its magical folk dimension.
3
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Głos Syreniusza w sprawie wykorzystywania roślin w magii

63%
Kowalczyk S.
Meluzyna. Dawna Literatura i Kultura
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2020
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vol. 1 (12)
17-31
EN
The subject of the article is “Zielnik herbarzem z języka łacińskiego zowią…” (In English: “Herbarium”) by Szymon Syreński, also known as Syrenius, published in 1613 by the printing house of Bazyli Skalski. The thoughts of the eminent Polish botanist and physician presented in this work concern two issues: the expression of the author's attitude towards plant witchcraft (love and protective magic) and the assessment of people (alchemists, witch doctors, traders) dealing with secret practices in which particular species were used. The theses of the author were discussed having taken into account the position of Renaissance medicine and the role of natural and demonic magic in the life of society at that time. The important context for the analyses conducted herein is also the presentation of the work of Syrenius juxtaposed with other literary texts and treatises from the 16th and 17th centuries, the authors of which dealt with similar issues (incl. “Czarownica powołana or Postępek prawa czartowskiego przeciw narodowi ludzkiemu”). The article is based on the researches of literary scholars, general and medicine historians as well as anthropologists.
4
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Rośliny w zwyczajach i obrzędach mieszkańców województwa śląskiego. Tradycja i współczesność

63%
Skonieczna-Gawlik D.
Rocznik Muzeum "Górnośląski Park Etnograficzny w Chorzowie"
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2015
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vol. 3
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issue 3
103-123
PL
Do dnia dzisiejszego w wielu obrzędach i zwyczajach dorocznych, jak i rodzinnych, obecne są rośliny. Obok aspektu leczniczego roślinom tym przypisywano również właściwości magiczne, wykorzystywano je do odpędzania chorób lub zabezpieczania zwierząt, ludzi oraz domostw przed złymi mocami. Zioła skropione wodą święconą przez kapłana nabierały szczególnej mocy, uzyskiwały większą siłę sprawczą i pełniły ważną funkcję w późniejszych zabiegach magicznych. Do chwili obecnej okazji do święcenia roślin w kościele jest kilka: Niedziela Wielkanocna, uroczystości Bożego Ciała czy dzień Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny. Wierni nadal przynoszą do świątyni bukiety lub wianki, lecz ich wierzeniowo-magiczna rola coraz bardziej odchodzi w niepamięć. Obecnie mało kto wystawia palmę wielkanocną do okna w trakcie burzy, nie okadza krów dymem z ziela poświęconego 15 sierpnia i nie przygotowuje z tych roślin naparów. Gdzieniegdzie jeszcze połyka się poświęcone bazie czy zjada poświęcone jabłko, aby uchronić się od chorób gardła lub też zatyka się krzyżyki z gałązek poświęconych w Niedzielę Palmową w pole, aby ochronić je przed gradobiciem. Ale i te dawne zwyczaje powoli odchodzą w niepamięć. Artykuł ten jest próbą zebrania informacji o zwyczajach i obrzędach, w których dawniej i częściowo jeszcze obecnie stosowano rośliny nie tylko z uwagi na ich aspekt leczniczy, ale przede wszystkim magiczno-wierzeniowy.
EN
To this day plants are present in many annual and family rituals and customs. Except for the belief in their medical powers, plants were also often attributed with magical properties. Hence they were used to ward off disease or protect animals, people and homes from evil spirits. Herbs sprinkled with holy water by a priest acquired a special power. Thus they were granted with even greater causative power and played an important role in the later magical treatments. To this date, there are still several religious occasions during which people may consecrate plants, that are: Easter Sunday, the Feast of Corpus Christi or the day of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Although the faithful continue to bring to bouquets or garlands to temples, their religious and magical role gradually sinks into oblivion. Today, hardly anyone sets an Easter palm in a window during a storm, moxibusts cows with smoke from herbs consecrated on August 15 as noone prepares infusions from these herbs. However, in some places people still practice swallowing consecrated willow catkins, eating consecrated apples in order to protect themselves from diseases of the throat or they set crosses made of twigs consecrated on the Palm Sunday in fields to protect them from hail. But those old customs are slowly fading away. This article is an attempt to gather information about the past and currently cultivated customs and rites concerning the use of plants not only due to their therapeutic properties, but especially due to their religious and magical powers.
5

PROCES WRÓŻBITY BAZYLEGO MAKSYMOWICZA (1741)

63%
Cichy-Kowalska M.
Rocznik Przemyski
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2017
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vol. 53
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issue 1(20): Historia
35-47
EN
An unusual witch trial took place in Przemyśl in 1741. One Bazyli Maksymowicz – a village diviner, herbalist and healer – was accused of consorting with witches and deceiving people for his own profit. The local people would ask him, for example, to send evil spirits, find stolen belongings or illnesses. The one who helped him out in that was Maryna Kuliczka, a witch from a village called Załuże. Original, so-far unpublished court records of that trial have been kept in the National Archive in Przemyśl.
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