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Rocznik Lubuski
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2012
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vol. 38
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issue 1
119-134
EN
Minority media are the means of communication which are available to the minority com- munity (of the ethnic character) providing them with the presentation of their problems and evaluation of reality made by a given group. The media understood in such a way are therefore at the centre of daily practices, and generate and process the ethnic identity. The role of minority media is reflected both in institutional and functional dimension. The first is included in the availability of different types of media and formats. The other expresses the extent to which people in the target group actually respond to the product addressed to them. The objective of this discussion is the analysis of the phenomena and processes that shape these dimensions. The groups of national and ethnic minorities living in the western provinces of Poland (Low Silesian, Lubuskie and West Pomeranian) are included in the study
PL
Media mniejszości to środki przekazu, które pozostają w dyspozycji społeczności mniejszościowych (o etnicznym charakterze) zapewniając im prezentację swoich problemów i ocen rzeczywistości dokonywanych przez daną grupę. Tak rozumiane media znajdują się zatem w centrum codziennych praktyk, które wytwarzają i przetwarzają tożsamość etniczną. Rola mediów mniejszości uwidacznia się zarówno w wymiarze instytucjonalnym, jak i funkcjonalnym. Pierwszy z nich zawiera się w dostępności różnych rodzajów mediów oraz dostępności różnych formatów. Drugi wyraża się w stopniu w jakim ludzie w grupie docelowej faktycznie reagują na produkt do nich adresowany. W podjętych rozważaniach celem jest analiza zjawisk i procesów kształtujących te wymiary. Obszarem zainteresowania objęte są grupy mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych zamieszkujące zachodnie województwa Polski (dolnośląskie, lubuskie i zachodniopomorskie).
EN
The share of national and ethnic minorities in political elections is one of the indicators of integration and a sense of equality in the society. The fundamental issue is therefore the answer to the question whether and to what extent ethnicity is manifested by representatives of minorities in the local elections in 2014.
PL
Udział mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w wyborach politycznych jest jednym z wskaźników integracji i poczucia równouprawnienia w danym społeczeństwie. Podstawową kwestią jest zatem odpowiedź na pytanie, czy i na ile etniczność była manifestowana przez przedstawicieli mniejszości podczas wyborów samorządowych w 2014 roku.
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Rzymska liturgia stacyjna

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EN
The papal stational liturgy in Rome was a particular kind of worship service from the Christian Antiquity to the XIV century. Its essential elements are four. Its always took place under the leadership of the pope or his representative. This form of liturgy was mobile: it was celebrated in different basilicas or churches of Rome. Third, the choice of church depended on the feast, liturgical seasons or commemoration being celebrated. Fourth, the stational liturgy was the urban liturgical celebration of the day. The highpoint of this system was Lent. Throughout the entire system Church of Rome manifested its own unity. The station was usually the Pope’s solemn mass in the stational church for the whole city. But on certain days in the year the Pope went in another church (collecta), from which a solemn procession was made to the stational church.
PL
Rzymska liturgia stacyjna była szczególnym sposobem służby Bożej, która miała miejsce w tym mieście od starożytności do początków XIV wieku. Cechowały ją 4 elementy. Po pierwsze była zawsze celebrowana pod przewodnictwem papieża lub jego reprezentanta. Była także liturgią mobilną odprawianą w różnych bazylikach i kościołach Rzymu. Po trzecie wybór kościoła zależał od święta, okresu liturgicznego czy wspomnienia, które przypadało w danym dniu. I w końcu stanowi centralną uroczystością liturgiczną dnia, której podporządkowane były wszystkie inne czynności duszpasterskie. Szczytowym osiągnięciem tego systemu było przeżywanie w jego rytmie wielkiego postu. W ten sposób Kościół rzymski manifestował swoją jedność. Stacja polegała zwykle na odprawieniu przez papieża uroczystej mszy świętej w stacyjnym kościele dla całego miasta. Jednak w niektóre dni papież udawał się do innego kościoła, nazywanego collecta, z którego ruszała procesja do stacyjnego kościoła.
EN
The article contains a description of the process of creating and implementing basic rights of national minorities in Poland. The author’s intention was to compare the scope of the functioning of rights in the all-Polish and regional – West Pomeranian dimension. The text attempts to answer the question regarding the implementation of these rights.
PL
Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę procesu powstawania i wdrażania podstawowych praw mniejszości narodowych w Polsce. Intencją autora było porównanie zakresu funkcjonowania praw w wymiarze ogólnopolskim i regionalnym – zachodniopomorskim. W tekście starano się odpowiedzieć na pytanie dotyczące implementacji tych praw
Polonia Sacra
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 3
59-79
EN
The article presents the relationship between the alumni of the seminary in Krakow and Cardinal Karol Wojtyła. Sources are seminary chronicles written by the alumni and the clerical journal “Novum Tempus Liberum”. In his homilies and conferences addressed to the alumni, Cardinal most often used the image of the family, so often came to the seminary. He also tried to get to know his future priests through individual conversations and joint meetings for (Christmas Vigil, name day). Thanks to this, a special bond of the bishop and future priests was created. After his election as pope, many of the customs he introduced remained for the following years.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia relacje między alumnami seminarium duchownego w Krakowie a kard. Karolem Wojtyłą. Źródłami są pisane przez alumnów kroniki seminaryjne oraz kleryckie czasopismo „Novum Tempus Liberum”. W swoich homiliach i konferencjach kierowanych do alumnów ks. kardynał najczęściej posługiwał się obrazem rodziny, dlatego często przybywał do seminarium. Starł się także poznać swoich przyszłych kapłanów poprzez indywidualne rozmowy i wspólne spotkania (opłatek, imieniny). Dzięki temu wytwarzała się szczególna więź biskupa i przyszłych kapłanów. Po jego wyborze na papieża wiele zwyczajów, które on wprowadził pozostały w formacji kapłańskiej na kolejne lata.
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Geneza i historia fermentum

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EN
Since the priests who serve the titles cannot be with the Pope at his solemn Sunday mass, he sends to each of them a particle of the bread which he has just consecrated, and this particle is called fermentum. It is carried by acolytes in linen bags to the churches inside the city, and when the celebrant receives it he places it in the chalice. This unites his mass with that of the pope. Introduction of this custom is attributed by Liber Pontificalis (VI century) to Miltiades (311–314) and to Siricius (384–399). Such fermentum disappeared in the VII century, surviving only in the case of a stational mass celebrated in the absence of a pope by a priest or bishop, and for the mass celebrated by priests in their own churches on Holy Saturday. The custom of such fermentum lasted in Rome to the VIII or IX century. At this time appeared a new custom – sancta. It was the fragment reserved from the Eucharist consecrated at the last mass in that church, and brought to the altar at the introit (or offertory) to symbolize the perpetual identity of the sacrifice offered in the Eucharist, was placed in the chalice to partake. The longest, to the XIII or XIV century, fermentum survived in the holy orders bishops, priests and consecrated maids.
PL
Since the priests who serve the titles cannot be with the Pope at his solemn Sunday mass, he sends to each of them a particle of the bread which he has just consecrated, and this particle is called fermentum. It is carried by acolytes in linen bags to the churches inside the city, and when the celebrant receives it he places it in the chalice. This unites his mass with that of the pope. Introduction of this custom is attributed by Liber Pontificalis (VI century) to Miltiades (311–314) and to Siricius (384–399). Such fermentum disappeared in the VII century, surviving only in the case of a stational mass celebrated in the absence of a pope by a priest or bishop, and for the mass celebrated by priests in their own churches on Holy Saturday. The custom of such fermentum lasted in Rome to the VIII or IX century. At this time appeared a new custom – sancta. It was the fragment reserved from the Eucharist consecrated at the last mass in that church, and brought to the altar at the introit (or offertory) to symbolize the perpetual identity of the sacrifice offered in the Eucharist, was placed in the chalice to partake. The longest, to the XIII or XIV century, fermentum survived in the holy orders bishops, priests and consecrated maids.
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Msza święta trydencka

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PL
After the Council of Trent the Holy Mass in the Catholic Church  was celebrated in the uniform way. These are the most important features of this liturgy: emphasis on following all liturgical rules (instruction of the Missal) related to the place of holding the mass, garment, time, prayers, gestures, and the form of celebrating the holy Mass. The use of Latin was seen as the guarantee of the unity of Church and the purity of faith; one eucharistic prayer – the canon; saying some prayers quietly; directing the prayer to the east;  singing the Gregorian chant; the perception of Eucharist  as the Sacrifice of Christ; excluding the believers from the active participation in the Mass.
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Niedzielna suma

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EN
In the first centuries of Christianity the Holy Mass was celebrated once a day only, also on Sundays. From V century it became necessary to celebrate more Masses in the same day because communities expanded and their members weren’t able to participate together in justone Holy Mass. The Main Mass (High Mass) usually was established between 9 and 11 in the morning.  This Mass offered for the parishioners was celebrated by a pastor very solemnly with festive singing. It had the best liturgical things, garments, aspersion and processions, along with a sermon followed by special prayers for the dead.
PL
In the first centuries of Christianity the Holy Mass was celebrated once a day only, also on Sundays. From V century it became necessary to celebrate more Masses in the same day because communities expanded and their members weren’t able to participate together in justone Holy Mass. The Main Mass (High Mass) usually was established between 9 and 11 in the morning.  This Mass offered for the parishioners was celebrated by a pastor very solemnly with festive singing. It had the best liturgical things, garments, aspersion and processions, along with a sermon followed by special prayers for the dead.
EN
The nineteenth century liturgical movement was the work of the Benedictines. It was beginning from the monastery of Solesmes, where lived and worked the first abbot Prosper Guéranger (1805-1875). Monks of the Order of Saint Benedict rediscovered the significance of the mass liturgy as a source of renewal of the life and teaching of the Church. Guéranger was determined to create a new Christian institution for the time. On 11 July 1833 he started living the Benedictine life with six other monks. The papal letter of 1837 clearly stated that Solesmes was “to revive pure traditions of worship”. So Guéranger initiated liturgical renewal. He determined that the role of Solesmes would not be direct intervention in parishes but perfection of the rites and intellectual formation of the monks. They did it for all history of the abbey to give to the Christian people an example by perfect liturgical celebration, theological reflection, historical research and publications (the most famous Guéranger’s publications were Institutions liturgiques and Liturgical Year). Special place in this work was discussion over restoration of Gregorian chant.
EN
The literature on the subject indicates the importance of the state's policy towards minorities at the regional (voivodship) level due to the directness of the administration's actions undertaken towards these communities. This level of politics is also a verifier of the intentions and capabilities of the authorities in fulfilling the adopted assumptions. The article is an attempt to answer the question about how the actions of provincial governors can be a barometer of ethnic policy, reflecting the basic directions and trends in its implementation.
PL
W literaturze przedmiotu wskazuje się na wagę polityki państwa wobec mniejszości na poziomie regionalnym (wojewódzkim) ze względu na bezpośredniość podejmowanych działań administracji wobec tych społeczności. Postępowanie na tym szczeblu jest zarazem weryfikatorem intencji i możliwości władz w spełnianiu przyjętych założeń politycznych. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące na ile działania pełnomocników wojewodów mogą stanowić barometr polityki etnicznej, odzwierciedlający podstawowe kierunki i tendencje w jej realizacji.
EN
The article discusses the models of the relationship between media and minorities. Minority Media promulgating certain standards of behavior or norms contribute to a concrete social reality, being a barrier against the processes of assimilation. At the same time provide a place for minorities to design and maintain their own culture. Media are an important tool for promoting the identity, language, culture and human rights. They can also contribute to the democratization of social relations in the country by facilitating the mutual knowledge and understanding of their views by the representatives of each group.
EN
This paper has argued about the political situations of ethnic minorities in Poland. From research of political and ethnic environment, it is appropriate to conclude that fate of ethnic parties has been explained by institutional and socio-economic factors. It has a significant effect on whether ethnic minorities can enter the political arena or not.
PL
W artykule omawia się polityczną sytuację mniejszości etnicznych w Polsce. Na podstawie badań środowiska politycznego i etnicznego należy stwierdzić, iż losy partii etnicznych są wyjaśniane przez czynniki instytucjonalne i społeczno-ekonomiczne. Mają one znaczący wpływ na możliwości zaistnienia mniejszości etnicznych na politycznej arenie.
Polonia Sacra
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2023
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vol. 27
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issue 2
163-190
EN
The aim of liturgical formation is to understand how the mystery of salvation is celebrated and expressed. The foundation of liturgical formation is the saving work of Jesus and human participation in the Paschal mystery of Christ through faith and the sacraments. This formation is to be mystagogical, so it is to include primarily participation in the liturgy, which itself has the power to influence its participants. That is why the documents always prioritize participation in the liturgy as in the work of Christ’s salvation, and only science and practical initiation into the rites. Therefore, the documents always put participation in the liturgy in the first place, and only then study and practical initiation into the rites. As for the liturgical life in the seminary, it is to focus on daily participation in the Eucharist. Next to her, there is also concern for frequent celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours, the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation, and the proper experience of the liturgical year. Also important are the timely received lecturers and acolytes. In the New Ratio studiorum for Poland, the teaching of the liturgy was inscribed in a new division of the entire seminary formation, i.e., the “introductory stage”, “the stage of becoming a disciple of Jesus,” “the stage of becoming conformed to Christ” and the pastoral stage. The ratio studiorum for Poland provides for only 120 hours of liturgy during studies (85 hours of lectures and 35 hours of practice), and the subject “Liturgical Service of the Presbyter” at the pastoral stage (15 hours of practice).
PL
Celem formacji liturgicznej jest zrozumienie, w jaki sposób celebruje się i wyraża misterium zbawienia. Fundamentem formacji liturgicznej jest zbawcze dzieło Jezusa oraz udział człowieka w jest misterium paschalnym Chrystusa poprzez wiarę i sakramenty. Formacja ta ma być mistagogiczną, więc ma obejmować przede wszystkim uczestnictwo w liturgii, która sama ma moc oddziaływania na jej uczestników. Dlatego na pierwszym miejscu dokumenty zawsze stawiają uczestnictwo w liturgii, a dopiero potem naukę i praktyczne wtajemniczenie w obrzędy. Jeśli chodzi o życie liturgiczne w seminarium ma ono koncentrować się na codziennym uczestnictwie w Eucharystii. Obok niej pojawia się także troska o częste sprawowanie Liturgii godzin, sakrament pokuty i pojednania i właściwe przeżywanie roku liturgicznego. Ważne są także przyjmowane w odpowiednim czasie posługi lektora i akolity. W Nowym Ratio studiorum dla Polski nauka liturgii wpisana została w nowy podział całej formacji seminaryjnej, czyli „etap propedeutyczny”, „etap stawania się uczniem Jezusa”, „etap upodabniania się do Chrystusa” oraz etap pastoralny. Ratio studiorum dla Polski przewiduje w czasie studiów tylko 120 godzin zajęć liturgicznych (85 godzin wykładów i 35 godzin ćwiczeń), do których dochodzi jeszcze przedmiot „Liturgiczna posługa prezbitera” na etapie pastoralnym.
PL
Celem tekstu jest refleksja nad znaczeniem pochówków i pamięci o zmarłych w zachowaniu tożsamości narodowej szczecińskich Ukraińców. Autor uważa, że cmentarz jest miejscem, w którym można zaobserwować zależności społeczne i polityczne związane ze sferą etniczną. Zainteresowania piszącego koncentrują się na roli pamięci społecznej i mobilizacji etnicznej.
EN
The aim of the text is to reflect on the importance of burials and remembrance of the dead in preserving the national identity of Szczecin’s Ukrainians. The author believes that the cemetery is a place where social and political dependencies related to the ethnic sphere can be observed. The writer’s interests focus on the role of social memory and ethnic moblization.
EN
It was at the request of Blessed Queen Hedwig and her husband Jagiełło that on 11 January 1397 Pope Boniface IX signed a bull allowing foundation of the Faculty of Th eology in Kraków. Th is very date begin a six hundred years’ periodof the Faculty’s activities. Unfortunately in 1954 the Faculty of theology was removed by the unilateral edict of the communist Cabinet. Th is decision, however, did not cease the actual and canonical existence of the faculty. In 1959 the Apostolic See issued a decree stating that the Faculty of Th eology in accordance with its Founding Charter and character “remains under the supervision of one ecclesiastic authority and in the future is to be formed according to the laws passed by theApostolic see”. In 1974 owing to the eff orts of Cardinal Karol Wojtyła the Faculty was bestowed the honourable title Pontifi cal. A turning point in the history of the Faculty of Th eology in Kraków came when on 8 December 1981 the Holy father issued a Motu proprio Beata Hedvigis in virtue of which the Pontifi cal Academy of Th eology with three faculties: theology,philosophy and Church history was establish. Th e aim of this Faculty of Th eology is to provide versatile and systematic knowledge of God’s revelation, its sources, message and forms of transmission, the attitude of man towards God revealing himself to him and the many forms of this Revelation in various centuries and ways of Church life. In studies leading to acquire Master’s degree, which lasts six years, there are mainly alumni preparing for priesthood coming from diocesan and religious seminaries as well as theological institutes affi liated with the Academy. Th ere are also theological studies for laity and nuns who have graduated from the Inter-Congregational Higher Education of Catechetic. Th e Faculty includes the following 32 chairs which are grouped in 8 specializations: biblical theology, fundamental theology, dogmatic theology, moral theology, theology of spirituality, practicaltheology, liturgy and canon law. Besides within the Faculty there are: Institute of Liturgy, Institute of Family and Institute of Canon Law. Th e Faculty has contracts with 15 seminaries for candidates for ordained ministry and 4 institutes of higher theological education which allow them to graduate their alumni. Aft er the removal from the University the Faculty has graduated 11 105 people (ordained and lay people) in the theology, it has also conferred 308 doctorate degrees in theology (DD) and 85 degrees of habilitation. In 2007 there was 1396students. Th e Faculty has the accreditation of University Accreditation Commission (UAC). Th e Faculty is also member of Conference of Catholic Th eological Institutions (COCTI). It collaborates also wit diff erent foreign faculties, especially within the LLP-Erasmus (the EU Programm). 
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