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Modernisation of the State Apparatus in Poland in the Years 1989–1999. A Decade of Difficult Changes

100%
Lipska-Sondecka A.
Reality of Politics
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2021
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issue 18
116-130
EN
The political transformation in Poland, initiated in the first half of 1989, was the beginning of deep, systemic changes in all mechanisms of collective life and public authority. The transformations were characterized as complex and multifaceted, which generated new conflicts and socially perceptible costs. However, such deep changes were necessary because they opened the way for Poland and Polish society towards European standards of organization and activity of all entities of public life. The most important principles on the basis of which the new constitutional model of the state was built were deconcentrating the authority mechanism and decentralizing its powers. This meant that the administration alsobecame a very important area of transformational changes. In this regard, a special role was played by actions aimed at reconstructinglocal government which was to become an integral part of the new public authority system and to carry out a significant part of public tasks.
2
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Polski samorząd terytorialny w warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej

100%
Lipska-Sondecka A.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2007
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vol. 17
125-137
EN
THE BASIC DUTY of local government is representing of requirement and interests of local communities. The Local Government in each of European state is characterized peculiar features coming out of their history, tradition and function. In EU countries we will not find one common structural model of local government. In Poland the institution of local government was regenerated in 1990, and the 1st of January 1999 a new three level administrative division was introduced. Till now manner of functioning of local government wakes up numerous reservations like: lack of engagement in development of civil society, lack of ability in clerical activity, nepotism and corruption. Sighting of these threats and battle with them can effect reconstruction of image of this institution in Poland.
3
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Book Review: Joanna Marszałek-Kawa, Maria Ochwat (Eds.), Problems, Threats and Challenges for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Toruń 2021, pp. 256.

100%
Lipska-Sondecka A.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2021
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issue 4 (50)
207-209
4
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Model Changes of Polish Public Administration and Processes of Political and Structural Transformation

100%
Lipska-Sondecka A.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2020
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issue 1 (49)
48-54
EN
The model transformations of Polish public administration after 1989 were the result of the necessary and inevitable consequence of events related to erosion and the collapse of the „real socialism” system. Its internal decomposition, as a result of social reality inadequacy, created a situation in which it was possible to undertake deep systemic reforms in Poland. Democratization of the government system in Poland was an extremely complex process generating numerous problems and showing the scale of adversity in all spheres of social life. All political and structural changes in Poland after 1989 were also possible due to propitious external, international conditions. Especially the collapse of the USSR brought certain possibilities for Poland and other countries in Central and Eastern Europe to regain full sovereignty, which was later expressed in membership in NATO, the Council of Europe, and then European Union accession. As a result of the systemic and political transformation process, the administration has become an extremely important cell in the democratic legal order and the entity responsible for the implementation of a significant part of public tasks at the local, supra-local and regional levels.
5
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Od decentralizacji do (re)centralizacji. Polityka rządzących wobec samorządów terytorialnych w Polsce po 2015 roku

100%
Lipska-Sondecka A.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
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2024
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issue 1(40)
207-221
PL
Przełom lat 80. i 90. minionego wieku był dla Polski początkiem głębokiej systemowej zmiany ustrojowej określonej jako transformacja. W wyniku wielopłaszczyznowych przemian kształtował się nowy system polityczny w oparciu o wzorce, standardy i zasady, na których opierają swoje organizacje i funkcjonowanie demokratyczne państwa i społeczeństwa. Zasada decentralizacji wyznaczyła kierunek i charakter zmian w budowie aparatu administracyjnego państwa, tak, by jego organy i instytucje mogły w sposób praktyczny realizować powierzone zadania i funkcje. Istotną częścią składową nowej struktury władz publicznych stał się samorząd terytorialny. Samorządom powierzono do realizacji tę część zadań publicznych, która bezpośrednio dotyczyła lokalnych i regionalnych społeczności. I choć polskie samorządy nie były wolne od wad, a realizacja zadań wywoływała napięcia na linii rząd – samorząd, to do 2015 roku zasada decentralizacji była przestrzegana przez rządzących. Zmiany nastąpiły po wyborach w 2015 roku, a nowy obóz rządzący ujawnił swój rzeczywisty stosunek do kierowania państwem, w tym do wszelkich form samorządności.
EN
For Poland, the turn of the 1980s and 1990s for Poland was the beginning of a profound systemic change dubbed transformation. As the result of multifaceted alterations, a new political system was shaped based on the patterns, standards and principles on which democratic states and societies base their organization and functioning. The principle of decentralization determined the direction and nature of changes in the construction of the administrative apparatus of the state, so that its bodies and institutions could perform the assigned tasks and functions in a practical manner. Local governments became a significant component of the new structure of public authorities, and they were entrusted with the implementation of the part of public tasks which directly concerned local and regional communities. And although Polish local governments were not free from defects, and the implementation of tasks caused tensions between the state and local governments, until 2015 the principle of decentralization was respected by those in power. However, the elections in 2015 brought a change, and the new ruling party revealed its actual attitude to state governance, including all forms of local government.
6
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Decreasing the Retirement Age in the View of Dynamically Ageing Population in Poland

51%
Iwański R., Tomczak Ł., Lipska-Sondecka A.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2021
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vol. 71
77-88
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie oczekiwań i postaw społeczeństwa polskiego wobec wieku emerytalnego. Problem jest istotny ze względu na dynamiczne starzenie się populacji. Badania przeprowadzono na ogólnopolskiej próbie badawczej, opartej o dobór kwotowo-warstwowy. Badanie przeprowadzono w 2019 roku na próbie n = 2088 respondentów. Mimo starzenia się społeczeństwa większość respondentów uznała, że wiek uprawniający do emerytury nie powinien przekraczać 60 lat dla kobiet i 65 lat dla mężczyzn. Mieszkańcy większych miast i respondenci o wyższych zarobkach opowiadali się za wyższym wiekiem emerytalnym. Respondenci wskazywali, że najważniejszym czynnikiem wpływającym na wysokość świadczeń emerytalnych jest staż pracy i wysokość składek na emerytury, a nie stan gospodarki polskiej i światowej. Przedstawione wyniki są niezwykle istotne dla obecnych i przyszłych rządzących ze względu na projektowanie zmian w zakresie świadczeń emerytalnych.
EN
The aim of the article is to present expectations and attitudes of Polish society towards the retirement age. The problem is crucial due to dynamic ageing of population. The research was conducted on a national research sample with calculations based on stratified quota sampling. The research was conducted in 2019 on a sample of n = 2088 respondents. Despite the ageing population, the majority of respondents believe that the age entitling to retirement benefits should not be higher than 60 years for women and 65 for men. Residents of larger cities and respondents with higher earnings supported a higher retirement age. Respondents stated that the most significant factor influencing the amount of retirement benefits is job seniority and the amount of contributions to retirement pension schemes, not the condition of Polish and world economy. The presented results are extremely important for current and future rulers due to the design of changes in the scope of retirement benefits.
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