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Alternacja społeczno-kulturowa mazurskiego pogranicza na przykładzie powiatu ełckiego (1945-1947)

100%
Marcinkiewicz S. M.
Studia – konteksty pogranicza
|
2022
|
issue 6
9-26
EN
The article concerns the social and cultural change that took place in the Ełk county after 1945. Socio-cultural alternation is a process of profound and radical transformation of the socio-cultural space resulting from rapid changes taking place in the wider environment. As a result of the war and political decisions, the area belonging to Germany became part of the Polish state. From 1945, it was settled mainly by the ethnically Polish population. Most of the pre-war German inhabitants left this area during the war or after the war. The physical space was rapidly dominated by Polish residents. In line with the general tendency, it was degermanized and polonized. The legitimacy of the actions was ensured by the narrative of the “Regained Territories”, according to which Poles returned to the old Polish lands. This narrative was supplemented with local elements from the very beginning (including Michał Kajka, Jan Malecki and Hieronim Malecki). At that time, it was fulfilling its integrating function.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zmiany społecznej i kulturowej, jaka miała miejsce w powiecie ełckim po 1945 roku. Alternacja społeczno-kulturowa to proces głębokiej i radykalnej przemiany przestrzeni społeczno-kulturowej będący efektem gwałtownych zmian zachodzących w szerszym otoczeniu. W wyniku wojny i decyzji politycznych obszar należący do Niemiec stał się częścią państwa polskiego. Od 1945 roku został zasiedlony głównie przez ludność etnicznie polską. Większość przedwojennych, niemieckich mieszkańców opuściła ten obszar w czasie działań wojennych lub po zakończeniu wojny. W szybkim tempie przestrzeń fizyczna została zdominowana przez polskich mieszkańców. Zgodnie z ogólną tendencją została zdegermanizowana i spolonizowana. Legitymizację działań zapewniała narracja Ziem Odzyskanych, zgodnie z którą Polacy powracali na prastare, polskie ziemie. Narracja ta była od początku uzupełniana o elementy lokalne (m.in. Michał Kajka, Jan i Hieronim Malleccy). W tym czasie wypełniała swoją integracyjną funkcję.
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Marginalization and Social Exclusion of Evangelical Masurians and Germans: The Case of Post-War Ełk County

100%
Marcinkiewicz S. M.
Studia Oecumenica
|
2021
|
vol. 21
267-284
EN
The article presents the post-war history of Evangelical population: Germans and Masurians in Ełk county.  For this purpose, archival sources and biographical interviews were used. Interviews with the inhabitants of the county were collected as part of two oral history projects carried out by the "Museum for Ełk" Association in 2013-2015.The historical context is complemented by the available literature. One third of post-war Poland consisted of the territories being the part the Third Reich before the World War II, where a considerable part of population were Germans. Masurians formed a borderland group that became the reason of conflict between the Polish and the German. In the first half of the 20th century, both as a result of the nationalistic discourse and the assimilation pressure, most of them declared to maintain German identity. After the war, Masurians were present  in the public space of Ełk county as a minority group. There was the inflow of  population of the eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland and people from central Poland. The small Evangelical church in Ełk in Słowackiego street was often filled with the faithful.  Numerous processes and phenomena of  social marginalization, exclusion and displacements resulted in nearly entire disintegration of Masurian and Evangelical community.  The number of the faithful in Evangelical community proves it- there are nearly 150 people and only few of them feel Masurian origin. In the post-war vision of future Poland nationally and religiously homogenous state was believed to be an ideal solution.
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