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1

Changing Social Roles in a Polish-German Border Town: The Case of Międzychód/Birnbaum

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Lorenz T.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2014

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vol. 109

EN

In this article I focus on the questions of how the social roles of Germans and Poles changed after Międzychód/Birnbaum came back to Poland on January 17, 1920; what were the stages in the process of change the town went through; and, what factors were responsible for this change. I begin with a broader introduction presenting, first, the situation in the early modern times, pointing to what it meant to be ‘Polish’ in a ‘German’-dominated urban society in the Greater Poland region; and, second, the change which occurred during the nineteenth century. With the examples of individual biographies, I show the variety of role perceptions in a mixed Polish-German setting. The main section analyses the ways in which the role reversal was enforced in favour of Międzychód’s Poles in the arena of local politics, which is preceded by a glance at the impact of an international conflict between Germany and Poland on the lot of German ‘optants’ – i.e. those who had opted for keeping the German citizenship and who later on were forced by the Polish authorities, in most cases, to leave Poland. My argument is that the role reversal in Międzychód/Birnbaum was a protracted process, which began with the onset of nationalism and was facilitated by economic and social change.

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The Decline of the Cloth Industry in Birnbaum (Międzychód) After the Napoleonic Wars

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Lorenz T.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2018

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vol. 36

91-97

3

Družstevnictví střední a východní Evropy v procesu utváření národních společností 1850–1940. Pokus o periodizaci

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Lorenz T.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2013

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vol. 21

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issue 1

1-18

EN

The modern cooperative movement in Central and Eastern Europe was closely linked from its beginning to that of nationalism. Consequently, most of the first cooperative leaders were leading personalities of the national movement. They viewed cooperatives not only as tools to foster the economic development, but also to support national emancipation. These members of intelligentsia and bourgeoisie were responsible for the cooperative movement based on the principles of national separation. While at the initial stage of national movement the economic development was of secondary importance compared to the cultural requirements, the situation changed when cooperatives had become a mass movement. The cooperatives put their communication networks at the disposal of the national movement, or they were established in places where an initial cultural institution was already available. Thus, they constituted a support for national movements and contributed to the struggles shifting from the national area to the economic one.

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1 Acta Poloniae Historica

1 Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

1 Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

3 Lorenz T.

1 2019

1 2014

1 2013

Changing Social Roles in a Polish-German Border Town: The Case of Międzychód/Birnbaum

The Decline of the Cloth Industry in Birnbaum (Międzychód) After the Napoleonic Wars

Družstevnictví střední a východní Evropy v procesu utváření národních společností 1850–1940. Pokus o periodizaci