In this paper our interest is to show the links between a group of manuscripts relating to the economic and social crisis in Spain between the 16th and the 18th centuries, presenting their descriptions prepared under the project conducted by the research group Fibula. We propose the following subdivision of the texts: manuscripts that contain a critique of economic and social situation, texts concerning Catalonia, extracts from satirical press and critique of the actions of some historical characters.
The main objective of this paper is to present the zones of influence of Portuguese language in Africa focusing on countries that are not part of the group of PALOP (Portuguese‑speaking African countries). Reference is made to a Portuguese‑based Creole spoken in Casamança, an area of Senegal, to the influence of the Portuguese in Morocco, Benin, Gabon and South Africa A more detailed analysis is dedicated to quintando, one of the dialects of Kikongo, spoken in Congo. In each case, we have included a historical overview essential to draw a complete picture of the Portuguese presence in Africa.