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Ewolucja instytucji zatarcia skazania w polskim prawie karnym z perspektywy European Criminal Records Information System – zagadnienia wybrane

100%
Pawlik R.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
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2014
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issue 1
115-149
EN
Criminal law as it’s traditionally seen is a set of standards defining socially harmful acts, referred to as crimes, determining the responsibility for these acts and the penalties, sanctions and protective measures applied against the perpetrators. More than any other branch of law, criminal law reflects social attitudes towards specific cultural, moral and financial issues, demonstrating susceptibility to social changes, in principle denying its inter-culturalism, and exemplifying an extremely strong rooting in a specific culture. The concept of the European integration, together with ongoing globalization, have caused a shift in the way of thinking about the functioning of not only global society, countries or international institutions, but have also been changing the feeling of identity of individuals and their identification with a specific group or community. At the same time, the free flow of persons supporting the phenomenon of multi-culturalism, so characteristic for the concept of the European integration, has been determining the transnational nature of crime to a greater extent than before. This transnational character enforces, simultaneously, the development of the tools habitually designed for counteracting crime, including, first of all, traditionally understood criminal law. One example is the Erasure of Conviction in the Polish Criminal Law from the Perspective of the European Criminal Records Information System.
2
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Urządzenie niedozwolone jako jedno ze znamion przestępstwa sharingu

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Pawlik R.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2012
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issue 2(11)
57-74
EN
Struggle against the illegal forms of “sharing” began in the late 20th and early 21st centuries in nearly all European and also many non-European ones, who considered the phenomenon as doubtlessly injurious, among others, for the development of online services based on, or consisting of, the conditional access. The earliest negative assessments of sharing behaviours in Europe date back to 1998, when the European Parliament and Council introduced legal protection of encoded services provided online, approving the 98/84/EC Directive on the legal protection of services based on, or consisting of, conditional access. The implementation of the said directive, in Polish law took place on 5th July 2002 in the form of the act on the protection of some services provided online and based on, or consisting of, conditional access. The goal of the paper is to discuss the practical and theoretical aspects of one of attributes of the offence of sharing, namely an illicit device. The analysis encompasses success of regulations at the European and national levels, and accounts for the judgements of the Supreme Court and European Court of Justice, and especially the ruling in the case C-403/08.
3
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Miara prawnokarnej ingerencji w konstytucyjne wolności i prawa jednostki w zakresie działalności gospodarczej na przykładzie odpowiedzialności karnej za niezgłoszenie wniosku oupadłość spółki handlowej (art. 586 k.s.h.)

100%
Pawlik R.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
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2016
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issue 4
101-125
PL
Jak pisał Gustav Radbruch – prawo karne jest nie tylko źródłem, ale również i barierą karalności. W teorii prawa już stosunkowo dawno pojawił się pogląd, że nie należy posługiwać się represją karną, gdy można w sposób tańszy zapobiec szkodom społecznym. Jednocześnie podkreślić należy, że ustawodawca poprzez właściwe ukształtowanie regulacji wpływa na przyszłe zachowania jednostek, które niejednokrotnie podejmując decyzję odnośnie do naruszenia określonej normy prawnej, dokonują swoistego ważenia korzyści i start wynikających z takiego postępowania. W takim stanie rzeczy warto z pewnością zwrócić uwagę na zagadnienia najzupełniej fundamentalne i zastanowić się nad rozumieniem kary, powodów i racji operowania sankcjami karnymi, a także możliwościami osiągnięcia tych samych efektów przy zastosowaniu odpowiedzialności o charakterze administracyjnym. Ustawodawca ma pewien zakres swobody odnośnie do wyboru rodzaju i regulacji odpowiedzialności prawnej. To przecież przez ustawodawcę podejmowana jest decyzja oobjęciu określonego zachowania danym rodzajem odpowiedzialności prawnej, a także dobierany jest rodzaj i rozmiar sankcji, czego intersującym przykładem może być art. 586 k.s.h.
EN
As demonstrated by Gustav Radbruch, criminal law serves not only as the source, but also as the limit of punishment. Legal theory has long held the view that penal repression should be applied only if social harm cannot be prevented in a less invasive manner. By developing appropriate regulations, lawmakers infl uence the conduct of individuals, who decide whether or not to breach a given legal norm by weighing the benefi ts and losses of each alternative course of action. In this context, it is advisable to look at the most fundamental issues, consider the ways in which punishment is understood, identify the reason and rationale behind penal sanctions, and ask whether the same outcomes could be reached by means of administrative liability. Lawmakers enjoy a certain degree of leeway in choosing the applicable type of legal liability. After all, it is the lawmaker who decides to subsume a given violation (event, act, conduct) under a specifi c rubric; they also select the kind and intensity of relevant sanctions what might be an interesting example is article 586 Code of Commercial Companies.
4
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Znamiona ilościowe w procesie kontrawencjonalizacji w kontekście zasady nullum crimen sine lege – wybrane zagadnienia

100%
Pawlik R.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2014
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issue 2(15)
111-146
EN
As for now, the Polish law of misdemeanours has not worked out a uniform concept. Historically, its developments have assumed various conceptual structures – starting with an administration type of model through the current one that comes closer to that of a criminal liability. As early as in 1918, while developing a concept of the law of misdemeanours, it was disputed whether misdemeanours should be recognised as a separate category, including cases of violation of the order, or as those that were primarily related to the sphere of administrative actions or whether they should be established on the basis of that social harm they caused and to assume that a misdemeanour was a petty form of an offence. The current model that has been worked out in the course of transformation is characterised by a significant lack of cohesion, and this assessment is even more substantiated by implementation of a concept of the socalled hybrid offences. The concept itself consisting in the diversification of liability by creating the so-called hybrid offences is a relatively new solution under the Polish system which raises significant doubts, largely in terms of its theoretical aspects, and also the one that creates serious practical issues (e.g. in 87 of the Code of Misdemeanours and under 178a of the Polish Penal Code). Conducting research within the planned extent process of contraventionalisation and principle nullum crimen sine lege has been assumed to provide for working out the basis for adopting coherent and uniform solutions with regard to the liability for what is referred to “petty offences,” and then allow undertaking further research, for example, into specific Polish solutions concerning offences and misdemeanours against safety in traffic in terms of clear limits and nature of such a liability which would serve as a reference point in legislation works in the future.
5
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Ryszard Więckowski (1952–2014) – wspomnienie pośmiertne

63%
Pawlik R., Sala-Szczypiński M.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2014
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issue 2(15)
251-254
6
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Profesor Andrzej Oklejak (1944–2012). Wspomnienie pośmiertne

51%
Pawlik R., Sala-Szczypiński M., Więckowski R.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2012
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issue 1(10)
1-5
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