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Výslovnost dentálních frikativ v anglicismech a anglických vlastních jménech: kodifikace - norma - úzus

100%
Havlík M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 3
195-217
EN
This paper explores the pronunciation of the dental fricatives /θ ð/ in loanwords of English origin (i.e. Anglicisms) as well as in English proper names in Czech. I identify a considerable gap between the recommended and actual pronunciation of the dental fricatives: while alveolar fricatives (/s z/) are recommended in language manuals and textbooks, in actual language use Czech speakers pronounce the dental fricatives predominantly as alveolar stops (/t d/). My hypothesis for this imbalance between recommended and actual pronunciation is that, to date, authors of language manuals and textbooks have failed to take into account both the pronunciation norm of Czech speakers and the original English pronunciation. I make a number of arguments for the replacement of the English phonemes /θ ð/ with the Czech phonemes /t d/ or /f v/, which I consider more suitable than their replacement with the “recommended” /s z/. However, given the lack of reliable guidelines for the pronunciation of the dental fricatives, I observe both significant variability in pronunciation, particularly in the case of recent loanwords such as smoothie and think tank, and a high level of uncertainty among speakers with respect to how Anglicisms containing dental fricatives should be pronounced.
2
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Diskurzní praktiky křesťanských kazatelů při konstituování standardního relačního páru "my" - "oni"

100%
Havlík M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2009
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vol. 70
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issue 2
83-99
EN
The article is concerned with the way in which Christian preachers discursively handle the categories of “us” and “them” in their sermons. I point out that there are two different groups of “them” in the sermons: (1) sectarians, and (2) unbelievers. According to self-categorisation theory, members of “them”, which comprise the so-called “out-group”, are often presented negatively, in sharp contrast to the positive self-presentation of members of the “in-group”. And since sectarians comprise the genuine “out-group”, there is no problem for Christian preachers to talk about them. However, with respect to the latter group the situation is somewhat different. The problem for the preachers consists in the fact that their aim is not to defeat the unbelievers, but to make them believers. By using membership categorization analysis, I show how they discursively solve the problem of differentiating unbelievers and believers in such a way that no strict border splitting “us” and “them” is created. Such distinction might be undesirable for the preachers endeavouring to coax the unbelievers to believe in God and the believers to help unbelievers find the proper life course, since a definite border between “us” and “them” breeds the negatively presented “out-group” and positively self-presented “in-group”.
3
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Vzájemné ovlivňování prozódie a syntaxe v překryvech replik

63%
Havlík M., Zaepernicková E.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2016
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vol. 99
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issue 1
33-44
EN
This article presents findings from a study of overlaps in informal conversations between friends. The interaction of prosody and syntax in overlaps is analysed. The findings suggest that although interactants orient themselves to syntactically complete sentences, the relationship between syntax and prosody is rather negligible. Prosody used in overlaps is influenced mostly by the sequential organization of conversation. In many cases, overlaps are not perceived as problematic and as such do not need resolving. Specific prosodic features are applied especially when (i) interactants aim to take over a turn or (ii) when they believe they have the right to speak.
4
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Management výslovnosti pravopisně neintegrovaného lexika v Českém rozhlase

51%
Havlík M., Jílková L., Štěpánová V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 2
107-128
EN
In the article we present the results of research on pronunciation of orthographically non-integrated loanwords and foreign proper names at Czech Radio. The research is theoretically based on Language Management Theory. In particular, we aimed to find out whether organized language management concerning loanwords and foreign proper names is conducted at Czech Radio. Our research method consisted of semi-structured interviews with Czech Radio employees. The main object of the research was pre-broadcast management, i.e. the process preceding the actual broadcasting, when a presenter comes across (notes) a foreign word with a problematic pronunciation or a word that s/he is not sure how to pronounce. Such a noting triggers the process of language management that must inevitably lead to an acceptable form of pronunciation. Other aims of our research were to establish the types of problematic pronunciation which are frequently and recurrently noted by presenters during the pre-broadcast management and to find out the ways in which such problems are solved. More than ten different declared methods our respondents use to solve problematic pronunciation can be delimited. The management of the pronunciation of loanwords is therefore organized only sparsely at Czech Radio.
5
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Narativní analýza v sociologickém výzkumu: přístupy a jednotící rámec

51%
Hájek M., Havlík M., Nekvapil J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 2
199-223
EN
Against the backdrop of the current popularity of the concept of narrative in the social sciences the authors analyse the uses of narrative analysis in empirical social research and provide a unifying frame based on Paul Ricoeur‘s notion of narrative mimesis. To begin they situate ‘narrative’ in the context of the social research tradition. Using both a simple and an elaborated definition of narrative they outline the main approaches to narrative analysis relevant to sociology and categorize them as structuralist, hermeneutic, or interactionist. The crux of the article is a discussion of Ricoeur’s integrative model of narrative as threefold mimesis and its proposed methodological application in sociological narrative research. The authors argue that Ricoeur’s model obviates undesirable analytical simplifications and encourages research that captures all the substantial aspects of narrative, including the producer (the narrator) and the recipient (the listener or reader).
6
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Problém relevance v tematicky orientovaném biografickém interview: případ orálněhistorických životopisných rozhovorů

51%
Hájek M., Havlík M., Nekvapil J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2014
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vol. 50
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issue 1
29-56
EN
The thematically oriented biographical interview (TOBI) is a research tool used frequently in contemporary qualitative research. Compared to other interviewing techniques, its main advantage is its combination of a thematic focus and sensitivity to the perspective of the interviewee. The authors demonstrate that TOBI is made up of several constituents: first, it is a speech infrastructure (comprising a conversational and a narrative component), and second, it encompasses three kinds of relevance (biographical relevance, identity relevance and specific thematic relevance). The main part of the article is devoted to an analysis of the types and forms of relevance that occur in the corpus of oral history biographical interviews. The analysis shows that, contrary to the common effort of researchers to increase the significance of a respondent’s testimony by emphasising the specific thematic relevance, the biographical and identity relevances are equally important for successfully capturing the actor’s perspective and smoothly conducting a TOBI. In their explication of relevance and its forms the authors draw on the theory of relevance developed by Alfred Schütz.
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