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EN
The article is an attempt to present the growing importance of feud politics as an area beyond institutional politics. The issue discussed in the article seems to be up to date, especially in the context of modern day representative democracy crisis. It is possible to say that contestation policy is a connection of sorts between institutional politics and the society and it is a sign of taking public action parallel to traditional politics. The validity of this thesis is dependent, though, on the acceptance of the specific definition of politics itself, as well as definitions of feud and protest politics. The most accurate approach in this matter seems to be the subjectoriented one. It can be said without doubt that contestation politics is becoming an important part of institutional politics which cannot be omitted. This can be seen not only in the growing number of contestation actions, but also in the engagement of the country in this kind of politics. It seems that the perspective accepted in the article allows for further analysis of the subject, which would include such elements as: political behavior and actions, political process, or some models of group politics.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
|
2017
|
vol. LXVI
|
issue 2
113-136
PL
Możliwe jest stwierdzenie, że przemiany na obszarach wiejskich są odbiciem procesów, które zachodzą na poziomie całego społeczeństwa. Obserwacja z jednej strony rosnącej roli ruchów społecznych, zwłaszcza nowych ruchów społecznych, we współczesnych społeczeństwach, a z drugiej strony logiki zmian obszarów wiejskich, pozwala na wyznaczenie obszaru wspólnego tych, wydawałoby się, odległych od siebie zjawisk. Tekst próbuje wskazać na te procesy, które stanowią podłoże dla kształtowania się nowych ruchów społecznych na obszarach wiejskich i jednocześnie pokazać, że teorie ruchów społecznych są przydatne do analizy współczesnych obszarów wiejskich. Ma to dwojaką motywację: po pierwsze ruchy społeczne stanowią w nowoczesnym społeczeństwie jeden z głównych przejawów wyrażania się podmiotowości całych społeczeństw, jak również poszczególnych grup społecznych, stąd sam fakt podjęcia badań nad problematyką ruchów społecznych wydaje się być wart uwagi. Po drugie, zastosowanie teorii ruchów społecznych do analizy zachowań chłopów czy rolników, a więc mieszkańców wsi i obszarów wiejskich, był w literaturze światowej i polskiej stosowany zwykle w kontekście zbiorowych działań kontestacyjnych tej grupy społecznej. Nie znalazł on jednak szerszego zastosowania do analizy codziennego, niekontestacyjnego, w klasycznym tego słowa znaczeniu, działania wybranej kategorii mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich. Główne pytanie brzmi zatem: Jakie procesy czynią teorię nowych ruchów społecznych zdatną do analiz zachowań współczesnych mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich?
EN
One can say that the changes affecting rural areas reflect the processes and phenomena on the level of society as whole. The growing importance of social movements, especially new social movements, which can be observed in contemporary societies, as well as the logic of changes taking place in rural areas, makes it possible to identify the space which these two seemingly distant phenomena share. This article points out the processes which underlie the new social movements coming into existence in rural areas. Simultaneously, the article shows that theories of social movements are useful for analysis of contemporary rural areas. There are two reasons for this approach: Firstly, social movements in modern societies are among the main expressions of empowerment for entire societies, communities, and particular social groups. Thus any new research on social movements deserves attention. Secondly, application of the theory of social movements to analyse the collective behaviour of farmers and rural area residents has been applied in the sociological literature in Poland and elsewhere, usually in the context of collective protest actions of this social group. However, this theory is not widely used to analyse everyday non-protest activities of certain categories of rural residents. The main question is: Is the theory of social movements the right tool for analysing changes in contemporary rural areas?
EN
The paper attempts to find the answer to a question for the opposition nature of so-cial movements. The main question is: can we call social movements the opposition? If yes, are all types of movements deserving of this name? Consequently, issues of this paper are regarding the non-institutional politics which is becoming at present more and more significant. Used argumentation in the paper allows for the formulation of the statement that in accepting the appropriate definition of both politics and a social move-ment, we can treat every social movement as an entity belonging to the institutional politics; an entity which meets the conditions of being an opposition. This statement is trying to meet contemporary understanding the politics, and is a response to the ongoing changes in the womb of democratic systems.
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