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EN
The theme of this study is a historical reconnaissance of soul music, taking into account the global context, with all the social and historical conditions that accompanied the development of the style. The main aim that the author set himself is to find sources of Polish musicians’ inspirations that can be found in American music from the 60s of the twentieth century. The main section of this paper is an attempt to define soul music and the characteristic of the style in a variety of shots – strictly musical, social, political, historical, racial and the general-culture one. The final chapter undertakes the task of showing the results of analysis of native music in terms of its membership to the style. In this section, a very broad meaning of the term ’soul’ has been assumed, which in this context is merely a reflection of the original phenomenon. The author hopes that this study will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge that soul music – both worldwide and in Poland – is an original and valuable style.
EN
The article attempts to describe the early, pre-opera reception of music written by Władysław Żeleński (1837–1921), one of the most important Polish composers and music educators working in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The lower limit of the study period is the first mention of the composer in the press, namely the review of the Piano Sonata Op. 5 by Józef Sikorski (1859). This period ends in the year 1785, just before the premiere of Żeleński’s the first opera, Konrad Wallenrod. The source material was all Polish periodicals of that time, comprised of musical specialized magazines, art magazines, general public magazines and journals (including Cracow’s “Czas”). The aim of the author of this paper was to present the main problems (and their evolution) which occur in Polish critical-thinking about music in the context of Żeleński’s orches-tral works, as well as songs, piano and chamber music. Among these issues, the most important seem to be the reviewers’ attempt (initially tentative) to classify Żeleński by one of the current trends — insert him in the rigid framework of interpretation. The following oppositional categories can be mentioned: technicism and lyricism, talent and genius, youthfulness and maturity, classical and salon music, “national” style and a cosmopolitan one. One of the main issues for critics was to determine the influences in Żeleński’s works, and thus find out the artistic way which he fol-lowed. And here are the most common patterns mentioned by the reviewers: the classic style, the “national” one (in this case his songs were very often evaluated as linked with Stanisław Moniszko’ works) and the New German School. In the critical-thinking of music Żeleński somehow balances between these concepts. The aim of the author of this paper was to highlight the most important arguments that appear in discussions and — additionally — to supplement historiographic base associated with the composer.
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