This paper presents the results of qualitative research conducted by the method of in-depth interviews with Polish leaders. A very diversified group of high-level and considerably successful leaders were selected and interviewed. The typology (profiles) of the leaders, their constraints and strength are revealed and discussed. The leaders give much importance to their struggle for autonomy and overcoming constraints. They are familiar with the different models of “optimal leadership.” Their profiles and sources of leadership strength are examined within the framework of the “bounded leadership theory.”
This paper presents interdisciplinary research on the transformation of Polish society and the economy. A new composite Balanced Development Index (BDI) has been constructed and applied in a ‚beyond GDP’ paradigm to analyse Poland’s socio-economic development during the 1999-2014 period and to make predictions for 2015-2017. Four groups of detailed indicators-two economic ones (external and internal) and two social ones (concerning the objective and subjective current situation, and public expectations for the future)- are used to construct four middle-level indexes, which are subsequently aggregated into the general BDI index. The congruency between the four middle-level indexes is interpreted in terms of the balance relevant for future socio-economic development. The validity of the index is proven by its high correlation with the psychological conditions of society. The results indicate a less optimistic picture of development in Poland than is provided by the GDP, which has been constantly growing.
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