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  1. 3 Študijné zvesti

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  1. 3 Marková K.

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ZUR BESIEDLUNG DER HATVAN-KULTUR IN DER SLOWAKEI

100%
Marková K.
Študijné zvesti
|
2010
|
issue 48
63 - 80
EN
The number of recorded sites of the Hatvan culture has more than doubled since their publication by T. Nešporová in 1969. The sites are concentrated in two areas – the Danube basin and the Tisa basin. The geographical unevenness of both the quality and quantity of the source area affects their theoretical assessment. Settlement structures vary according to the natural conditions and the function of the settlements. The settlement continuity and vertical stratigraphy is proved by tell settlements. The higher accumulation of sites in a relatively small area (Veľké Turovce, Malé Kosihy) allows us to consider a nest-like settlement structure. The results of aerial surveys and excavations on sites Leľa and Pavlová indicate that circular ditch structures may have been part of settlement structures of the Hatvan culture in Slovakia. In Leľa geophysical measurements the findings of aerial photographs are confirmed. Relative chronology of the development of the Hatvan culture in Slovakia is rendered mostly by field observations, which have been conducted in the western part of the settlements in Malé Kosihy and Vráble, and in the eastern part of the settlement in Včelince. The significant lower layers VI and VI of the fill of an outer ditch in Včelince represent an earlier phase of the culture on the settlement. The later phase, represented by higher layers V and IV and structures, is characterised by an intersection of Otomani-Füzesabony cultural features and by their influence on the local Hatvan culture, which is referred to as a Hatvan-Otomani horizon.
2
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FAJANSA A JANTÁR V STARŠEJ DOBE BRONZOVEJ

100%
Marková K.
Študijné zvesti
|
2009
|
issue 45
61 - 67
EN
A faience as an artificial material is connected with the development of pyro technologies and metallurgy. In south-western Slovakia it occurs in graves of the Nitra culture. In the terminating classical phase of the Únětice culture the faience was replaced by amber here. In eastern Slovakia faience appeared as soon as in the Košťany culture. The amber occurred later in this region and in the contexts of Otomani culture beads made of the both materials exist also simultaneously. Analyses proved the amber finds in the Carpathian basin being of Baltic origin. Its spreading to the Carpathian basin was connected with another aspect of metallurgy – uneven occurrence of raw materials and barter.
3
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NÁLEZY ZO STARŠEJ A ZAČIATKU STREDNEJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ Z PONITRIANSKEJ GALÉRIE V NITRE

63%
Marková K., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2008
|
issue 43
63 - 93
EN
The article treats finds from the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the middle Bronze which were obtained in the rescue archaeological excavation at the foot of the Nitra castle hill, in the area of Nitra Gallery (Ponitrianska galéria). In prehistoric times, the settlement was most intensive in the Early Bronze Age, when a fortified settlement of the Maďarovce culture was raised on the whole area of 8 ha. The analysed material comes from rescue excavations in years 1996 and 1997. The dating of finds and situations is done on the basis of pottery fragments, which come from the standard pottery of the Maďarovce culture. A large part of the pottery can only generally be dated to the Early Bronze Age or to the period of the Maďarovce culture. The identifiable part of the pottery dates the settlement on the castle hill as early as the Únětice-Maďarovce horizon. To the most remarkable finds of this excavation of the settlement of Maďarovce culture belongs to the double grave situated on the bottom of the settlement pit. A comprehensive view of horse finds in the milieu of the Maďarovce culture or the Maďarovce-Věteřov-Böheimkirchen cultural circle does not exist yet. In our case the object could be interpreted as a human sacrifice. The ditch, which was partly unearthed in the rescue excavation on the area of the gallery, is probably related to the fortified entrance to the settlement area on the castle hill. The division of the castle area is clearest in case of the settlement and grave finds from the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the middle Bronze Age. They were found during the rescue excavations under the castle hill. The several of the newly published objects from this area are related to handicrafts. A part of the characteristic finds indicates activities in the post-classical phase of the Maďarovce and subsequent Tumulus culture. We assume that this area was divided from the area of the castle hill by the natural water course of Nitrička, and not by an artificial water ditch. At first, a more detailed publication of material will be able to throw light on the development and on both the inner and functional structure of this more than 40 settlement area.
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