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Próby regulacji mobilności społecznej w późnym Cesarstwie Rzymskim na przykładzie corporati obnoxi i ich dominium

100%
Świętoń A.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. XCI (91)/1
165-177
EN
The main legal source for the post-classical Roman imperial law – Codex Theodosianus – contains many interesting regulations about social and economic issues. Among them there are constitutions devoted to the property rights of the specified social groups. In the 4th century Roman authorities reformed administrative, social and economic system of the state in order to soften the effects of the “crisis of the 3rd century” and restore the public order and efficiency of the economy and taxation. The essential aspect of the reform was the introduction of the many restrictions in relation to the various groups of population which had important position in the social and economic structure of the lat Roman Empire. In the paper Author discusses some roman imperial constitutions that imposed some restrictions on the property rights of the members of the Rome corporations (like pistores, suarii etc). These regulations strengthened the legal ties between the corporation and its members by the restriction of the alienation of the property that were shares of the corpora. Moreover similar regulations related to the imperial craftsmen are discussed.
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Hadrian wobec dzieci żołnierzy – uwagi na tle epistula hadriani de bonorum possesione liberis militium danda

63%
Świętoń A., Tadajczyk K.
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
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2019
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vol. 111
97-116
EN
Starting from the 1st century AD, Roman soldiers were banned from getting married in order to maintain military discipline. Consequently, the union between soldiers and women (mostly peregrine but also Roman citizens) was legally ineffective. The effects of the ban mainly applied to private law and one of its most severe consequences was the illegitimacy of the soldiers’ offspring. Liberi illegitimi were not in the potestas of their fathers and had no inheritance rights. However, in the case of soldiers’ children, a concession was made: the soldier had a possibility to include a Latin or a peregrine in his will (testamentum militis), so his child – as a son of a peregrine woman – could inherit ex testamento. However, it was not possible to inherit when the soldier died intestate. In his epistula issued in 119 AD, Emperor Hadrian allowed the soldiers’ liberi illegitimi to inherit ab intestato. In the case of bonorum possessio, they were appointed heirs among other cognates (unde cognati). The article presents the circumstances of issuing the epistula and its legal effects.
PL
Opracowanie poświęcone jest analizie przywileju nadanego żołnierzom armii rzymskiej przez cesarza Hadriana w odniesieniu do prawa dziedziczenia przez ich dzieci pochodzące ze związ­ków pozamałżeńskich. Począwszy od I w. n.e., żołnierze służący w legionach nie mogli zawrzeć ważnego małżeństwa. Wprowadzenie takiego uregulowania tłumaczy się najczęściej troską o utrzymanie disciplina militaris. W konsekwencji związki żołnierzy posiadających obywatel­stwo rzymskie z obywatelkami rzymskimi lub peregrynkami nie rodziły żadnych skutków praw­nych, nawet mimo potencjalnego istnienia conubium pomiędzy partnerami. Dzieci pochodzące z takich związków (liberi illegitimi) nie wchodziły pod władzę swoich ojców ani nie nabywały praw spadkowych w jego rodzinie. Żołnierz mógł jedynie powołać do dziedziczenia pozamał­żeńskie dziecko, mające status prawny Latyna lub peregryna, sporządzając testament żołnierski (testamentum militis). W liście wydanym w 119 r. n.e. cesarz Hadrian usunął tę niedogodność, pozwalając dziedziczyć żołnierskim liberi illegitimi także wówczas, gdy żołnierz nie pozostawił testamentu. Byli oni powoływani do spadkobrania w klasie unde cognati. Autorzy przybliżają okoliczności ogłoszenia przywileju i omawiają skutki, jakie wywołał on na gruncie rzymskiego prawa spadkowego.
3
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‘EDICTUM DOMITIANI DE PRIVILEGIIS VETERANORUM’. EDYKT CESARZA DOMICJANA O PRZYWILEJACH WETERANÓW

63%
Świętoń A., Tadajczyk K.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 4
5-21
PL
‘Edictum Domitiani de Privilegiis Veteranorum’: The Emperor Domitian’s Edict on Veterans’ Privileges Summary This article contains the text and translation of the Edictum Domitiani on veterans’ privileges with a commentary. This edict is an interesting illustration of imperial military and social policy on the privileges of veterans and their families. Its text survives thanks to a private copy made by Marcus Valerius Quadratus, a discharged soldier of the legio X Fretensis. The privileges granted by the Emperor Domitian guaranteed benefits also found in other veterans’ concessions (as the diplomata militaria shows) – citizenship, tax exemption, conubium with a peregrine woman. But the personal scope of Domitian’s privileges is unusual – its beneficiaries were not only veterans and their children, but also their wives and parents (if they lived with the soldier after his discharge). The full range of privileges is unknown; unfortunately Valerius’ copy is partly damaged. The authors also discuss some of the doubts concerning the edict’s addressees and types of privileges granted under this edict.
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