The traditional ideas of citizenship, both republican and liberal, as well the conceptions of immigrant integration that are deeply rooted in them, are undergoing a serious crisis when we analyse them from the perspective of global migration. In modern multinational states and societies at the super-diversity stage, which are emerging as a consequence of migrations, citizenship viewed through the prism of membership of a country, including the rights and obligations towards the state as well as civic competence, has become a topic of ideological debate and deliberation on the integration of immigrants. The social issues that follow from the assumptions of two basic conceptions: integration as assimilation based on the idea of republican citizenship and multinational policy based on the tradition of liberal citizenship, have enlivened the idea of transnational (cosmopolitan) citizenship. The main thesis of the article, involving the dysfunctionality of the established integration models related to classical ideas of citizenship, has been presented against the background of an analysis concerning changing legislation in terms of migration policies in France and Great Britain. The concept of transnational citizenship has also been related to EU legislation.
After World War II, the Polish state borders were shifted to the west. Historically, the lands annexed by Poland, known as the Recovered Territories, have belonged to various states over the centuries. For this reason, the right of Polish people to these lands, as well as the “Polishness” of the territory, was called into question. The authorities of the People’s Republic carried out a large-scale propaganda campaign intended to prove their rights to these lands. Historians from various academic institutions joined in the campaign. Polish historiography of the first decade of the People’s Republic is frequently accused of being biased and “subservient” to the new government. The main objective of this article is to overthrow this stereotype. The author presents the history of scientific institutions concerning themselves with the problem of the Recovered Territories, profiles of prominent historians and the results of their research work on the history of Upper and Lower Silesia and Western Pomerania.
The paper presents the evolution of the British model of immigrant integration after World War II. It is a historical and political analysis. The author indicates the key elements of the British approach to decolonisation which were translated into concrete legal acts regulating the lives of the Commonwealth residents and immigrants arriving in the UK. The paper also discusses different dimensions of the integration of immigrants into British society. The analysis indicates that the multicultural model of immigrant integration adopted after World War II has been found to be dysfunctional, as British society has reached a state of super-diversity, becoming a very complex mosaic of races, religions and nationalities.
The article analyses the political attitudes and behaviours of the citizens, and describes the content and dynamics of the changes occurring due to the evolution of the Polish political system. The analysis of political participation by Polish citizens is presented in relation to the theoretical construct of social attitudes as a foundation of democracy, as proposed by Dahl. In the context of society’s approach to democracy and trust in institutions, a comparative analysis has been presented of voter participation in subsequent parliamentary and local elections. The process of creating a civil society, including the various forms of participation in non-governmental organisations, has been presented in relation to attitudes such as cooperation, social trust and care for the common good. In order to illustrate the egocentric and particularistic attitudes, the activities of citizens involved in the politics of protest have been analysed. Recent years have seen a number of demonstrations; symbolic in nature and testimony to certain principles, which have been used here as material for the analysis of the ideological approach to political problems. To sum up the problem of political participation of Polish citizens, it can be said that the dynamics of the forms and content of political participation indicates a growing involvement of citizens in the governance process, which definitely makes a positive contribution to the development of democracy. It must be noted, however, that the political activity of a large part of society has not been motivated by pro-democratic attitudes. The high diversification, disparity and instability of attitudes translate into the forms and content of political participation.
PL
Artykuł zawiera analizę postaw i zachowań politycznych obywateli, opis ich treści i dynamiki zmian zachodzących pod wpływem ewolucji polskiego systemu politycznego. Analizę partycypacji politycznej Polaków przedstawiono w odniesieniu do teoretycznego konstruktu postaw społecznych leżących u podstaw demokracji, zaproponowanego przez R. Dahla. W kontekście stosunku społeczeństwa do demokracji i zaufania do instytucji przedstawiono analizę porównawczą partycypacji wyborczej w kolejnych wyborach parlamentarnych i samorządowych. Proces kreowania społeczeństwa obywatelskiego – różne formy uczestnictwa w organizacjach pozarządowych przedstawiono w odniesieniu do postaw współdziałania, zaufania społecznego i dbałości o wspólne dobro. Dla ilustracji postaw egocentrycznych i partykularnych grupowych dokonano analizy działań obywateli uczestniczących w polityce protestu. Liczne demonstracje, jakie miały miejsce w ostatnich latach o znaczeniu symbolicznym, stanowiące wyraz dawania świadectwa wartościom posłużyły jako materiał do analizy ideologicznego stosunku do problemów politycznych. Podsumowując problem partycypacji politycznej Polaków można stwierdzić, iż dynamika form i treści partycypacji politycznej świadczą o pogłębiającym się uczestnictwie obywateli w procesie rządzenia państwem, co niewątpliwie stanowi pozytywny aspekt rozwoju demokracji. Zauważyć jednakże należy, że u podstaw aktywności politycznej znacznej części społeczeństwa nie leżą postawy sprzyjające demokracji. Silne zróżnicowanie, niespójność i chwiejność postaw przekłada się na formy i treść partycypacji politycznej.
The aim of the article is to show neuro-linguistic programming – NLP – as a new approach to communication process. During the last forty years NLP (primary a system of alternative therapy) has become very popular on different fields like business and politics. On the other hand its techniques and methods were questioned by academic circle as using pseudoscientific concepts and terminology. The article presents NLP history and founding, its main techniques as well as the voices of criticism. In last chapter the author is mainly interested in political possible use of neuro-linguistic programming. NLP is also analyzed in the light of political manipulation phenomenon.
Le présent article expose le phénomène de mythologisassion de l’idée, des personnages et des évènements dans la mémoire collective de la société française. En ce qui concerne les matériaux de source, l’auteur s’est inspiré des textes de la presse, des discours des hommes politiques et des ouvrages scientifiques qui ont parus en France après la publication du Livre noir du communisme. Crimes, terreur, persécutions en automne 1997. Le travail de l’équipe internationale des chercheurs a exposé les crimes commis aux opposants des systèmes totalitaires et semitotalitaires créés sur le fondement de l’idée marxiste, les auteurs cherchaient aussi à estimer le nombre de victime des variations différentes du système communistes. L’auteur répond a la question essentielle de la recherche: est-ce que les ouvrages fiables des historiens sont en mesure de transmettre la connaissance au sujet des crimes communistes qui malgré de nombreuses analyses scientifiques parmi les élites intellectuelles en France continuent de plonger dans la sphère tabou.
Notion ethos concerning usually a society is understood as guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, a nation. Ethos as a descriptive category is used to analyze different phenomena on several unit and society life levels. Its importance shows the research on public life (Moreover, Mentioned category is crucial to describe the public life). Presence of values which generate and hold up the existence of democratic institutions is especially important for a young democracies like Poland. The article’s purpose is to analyze polish presidential campaign in the light of mission understood as a carrier of values. The author who is mainly interested in polish history, assumes that the values from civil and patriotic ethos should be present in polish culture. The author analyses (considers) materials from two polish-wide newspapers with high editions “Rzeczpospolita” and”Gazeta Wyborcza”.
Though in the present age the Internet is an important resource for gathering information, there are also plenty of significant and helpful traditional sources. The best data collection strategy in information broker activity is one that employs techniques from both. The first part of the text is focused on the methodology of obtaining information. The author points out the place of information broker in the information process. One of the key aspects of the following analysis is an attempt to indicate the main definitions and classifications of the traditional sources of information in a field of historical knowledge as well as in the information science. The second part of the article considers information broker professional qualifications, since for him is important to know how to search, gather and integrate information from institution such as the national and private archives, libraries or museums.
The chapter discusses the relationship between migration processes and the level of social cohesion in Poland during the first decade after the political transformation of 1989. The author describes the emigration processes of Polish people in the 1990s, and identifies differences between this wave of migration and later departures from the country after the accession of Poland to the European Union. The research question of the text is the impact of increased migration processes on the level of social capital and social cohesion in the early years of the Third Polish Republic. The author analyzed the migration policy pursued by the government at that time. The chapter also addresses the issue of the presence of migration concerns in the discourse of individual political parties.
PL
W rozdziale omówiono związek procesów migracyjnych z poziomem spójności społecznej w Polsce w pierwszej dekadzie po transformacji ustrojowej 1989 r. Autor opisuje procesy emigracyjne Polaków w latach 90. XX w. oraz wskazuje różnice pomiędzy tą falą migracji a późniejszymi wyjazdami z kraju po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Problemem badawczym tekstu jest wpływ nasilonych procesów migracyjnych na poziom kapitału społecznego i spójności społecznej w pierwszych latach III RP. Autorka dokonała analizy polityki migracyjnej prowadzonej wówczas przez rząd. W rozdziale poruszono także kwestię obecności obaw migracyjnych w dyskursie poszczególnych partii politycznych.
Polityka i historia od momentu swoich narodzin są ze sobą powiązane. Polityka w kolejnych okresach rozwoju ludzkości bardziej lub mniej instrumentalnie traktowała pamięć o przeszłości jako narzędzie zdobycia lub utrzymania władzy. Związki między polityką a historią stanowią wyjątkowo szerokie pole do eksploracji dla badaczy z różnych dyscyplin naukowych: historyków, socjologów, politologów. Artykuły zawarte w prezentowanym tomie „Studiów Politologicznych” Polityka a historia w XX i XXI wieku mają na celu przedstawienie wyników badań ukazujących złożoność i wielowymiarowość związków zachodzących między polityką i historią.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.