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Effectiveness and performance of tax system in Slovak Republic in terms of its key non-macroeconomics factors

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Dobrovič J., Rajnoha R., Korauš A.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 4
617-634
EN
Research background: The paper addresses the issue of an optimal tax system and puts emphasis on two aspects: justice and efficiency. The issue of taxation has been the subject of numerous debates at the European level for several years. A good tax system should contribute to the state treasury with sufficient revenues, should not be an administrative burden, and must be sufficiently efficient and transparent. Purpose of the article: The submitted article provides an extensive analysis of the opinions of respondents on the effectiveness of the financial administration of the Slovak Republic. The aim is to analyse the views and attitudes of the respondents on the key factors affecting the effectiveness of financial administration in terms of respondents' age, gender, occupation and place of residence using mathematical-statistical methods. Methods: In the course of extensive empirical quantitative research (N = 1.500) were used Factor Model Analysis (Factor Analysis) and Analysis of Variance (Anova) were used. The data was obtained through a questionnaire survey, which-was carried out in four districts of Slovakia and focused on a wide range of respondents divided into four age-related categories. Findings & Value added: In terms of research carried out, it is possible to conclude that there is dissatisfaction with the overall tax and customs system in the Slovak Republic. An analysis of respondents' views on the effectiveness of the tax system has shown that it is possible to identify several key factors that affect it, and they are: collection of levies and availability, competence of tax administration staff, computerisation of tax administration, tax collection efficiency, labour costs, and administrative difficulty of tax administration. in the paper, we also discuss these in more detail. The research results offer relevant and interesting implications for public authorities, policy makers and reformers as well as motives for further investigation of the tax administration issue.
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Tax evasion in the EU countries following a predictive analysis and a forecast model for Slovakia

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Dobrovič J., Rajnoha R., Šuleř P.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 3
701-728
EN
Research background: Tax evasion is an urgent challenge for governments, as reaching sufficient level of tax revenues enable adequate sustainable economic development. The motivation for the research was thus the identification of the situation in the EU countries.  Purpose of the article: The main research objective was to identify the extent of tax evasion in the EU countries, with a subsequent specific focus on the econometric predictive models and a forecast of their future development in the case of Slovakia as the poorest performing country of the V4 in this area.  Methods: The research was primarily based on testing selected statistical indicators in the field of tax evasions expressed on the basis of the VAT gap. The data for the research was obtained from the EUROSTAT database and the international system VIES for the period between 2000 and 2017. In addition to panel graphs, the research hypotheses were tested primarily using a cluster analysis, t-test, time series analysis, and an analysis of the time series trend with 4 basic models: linear trend, quadratic trend, growth curve model, and S-curve model. On the basis of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), the S-Curve model was selected as the determining model of predicting tax evasion.  Findings & value added: Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the EU countries were divided into five reference groups by the VAT gap value, using the VAT gap percentage share on the overall GDP value. The research also provides a unique methodological framework and a unique econometric model for predicting the future VAT gap in Slovakia as the poorest performing country of the V4 in this area, which is applicable to other V4 and EU countries. The research results also enable policy-makers in the EU countries and specifically also in Slovakia and other V4 countries to compare themselves explicitly with the reference countries of the EU in terms of tax evasion and subsequently adopt adequate measures to improve the effectiveness and performance in this field.
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GLOBALIZÁCIA A TRANSFEROVÉ OCEŇOVANIE VÝKONOV V NADNÁRODNÝCH SPOLOČNOSTIACH NA SLOVENSKU A V KRAJINÁCH OECD – ANALYTICKÁ ŠTÚDIA A ROZHODOVACÍ MODEL PRE VOĽBU OPTIMÁLNEJ METÓDY

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Rajnoha R., Slivková D., Dobrovič J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 6
609 – 630
EN
Globalization as an economic process progresses further and its negative effects are manifested in excessive profit shifting from their countries of origin do tax havens. Recently on this problem notes OECD and in the world economy a noted authority, who in his address effectively see also a key factor in the overall recovery and stabilization of the world economy and the elimination of macroeconomic imbalances. Transfer pricing appear to be an appropriate solution to this global economic problem. In the article we analyse transfer pricing methods for depending transactions from the perspective of economic theory as well as in terms of the legislative framework and methodological procedures applied on transfer pricing in selected OECD countries. We propose a generally applicable decision-making model for selecting the optimal transfer pricing method for each type of dependent transactions, which we verified in terms of selected economic aspects of optimization within a multinational enterprise.
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