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1

The labour market of the Silesian voivodeship (Poland), and its determinants

100%
Kłosowski F.
Environmental & Socio-economic Studies
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2014
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vol. 2
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issue 3
13-23
EN
The aim of this study was to characterise the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship and its determinants between 2010 and 2012, although in order to show certain trends in changes data from the beginning of the 21st century are also used as a basis whereas from the more forward-looking perspective, projections up until 2020 were used. This market is very important from the nationwide perspective, and this is due to its complexity, size (it concentrates 2 million employed people, that is 14.4% of the whole workforce of Poland) and specificity (industry still plays a crucial role). In order to achieve the objective indicated above, a set of measures relating to the number of employed people, business entities or GDP were used for the purpose of the analysis. The presented material shows the high volatility of the situation on the labour market both at the voivodeship level and individual communities – this is particularly true of the number of employed people and the rate of unemployment. An advantage of the newly created jobs over those that are shed which has been continuously recorded since 2008 and a decrease in the unemployment rate are positive symptoms. Katowice being the largest market and, moreover, characterised by the highest rank range of its impact and lowest unemployment rate have gained a dominant position in the regional labour market. Bielsko-Biała, Tychy, Gliwice and Bieruń-Lędziny County also clearly stand out against the background of other communities. The most difficult situation can be observed in Bytom, Świętochłowice, Piekary Śląskie and in the counties located in the northern part of the voivodeship, that is Częstochowa, Myszków and Zawiercie. Not only today but also in the coming decade, in terms of demand the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship will be strongly affected by its demographic situation; population decline, ageing population, migration, including, in particular, foreign migration will cause a decline in the labour force. By contrast, the labour supply will depend on an economic factor, that is mainly an improvement in the economic situation in Poland and around the world and a reduction in the cost of labour (external determinants). In the next few years the role of innovation (including the technological factor) which will affect the labour demand in terms of quantity and, perhaps to a greater extent, in terms of quality (changes in the structure of the labour market) will become more and more significant.
2
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Problemy z wykorzystaniem pracujących jako miernika rozwoju usług (przykład województwa śląskiego)

100%
Kłosowski F.
Space – Society – Economy
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2014
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issue 13
269-280
EN
The goal of the study was to present problems related to the application of data concerning workers for the analysis of services. The issue was presented on the basis of Śląskie Province. The study led to the following conclusions: ‒ particular types of data on workers, such as research performed by businesses, or BEAL, or drawn from the REGON system reveal little difference; ‒ a full range of data on workers is non-existent even at the early level of economic sectors in municipalities; ‒ regardless of what type of data is used in analyses, they still do not guarantee that their results are correct. Therefore it seems necessary that National Bureau for Statistics take action to remedy the quality of data on workers, including expansion of their range by workers employed in businesses of under 9 people. A certain solution that would not imply more statistical workload on the part of employers and, at the same time, higher cost level incurred by the Bureau could be integration of information in the existing databases on workers run by Social Security System, IRS, or Social Security System for Farmers.
PL
Celem opracowania jest ukazanie problemów związanych z wykorzystaniem danych o pracujących do badań usług. Zagadnienie to zaprezentowano na przykładzie województwa śląskiego. Wnioski płynące z opracowania wskazują, że: ‒ poszczególne rodzaje danych o pracujących ‒ badania poprzez firmy, BEAL, czy pochodzące z systemu REGON ‒ wykazują znaczące różnice, ‒ brak pełnej kompletności danych o pracujących już na poziomie sekto-rów gospodarczych w ujęciu gmin, ‒ niezależnie od tego, na jakie dane zdecydujemy się w analizach, nie gwarantują one uzyskania poprawnych wyników. Dlatego wydaje się, iż konieczne jest, by GUS podjął działania zmierzające do poprawy „jakości” danych o pracujących, w tym szczególnie rozszerzył dane o pracujących w podmiotach zatrudniających do 9 osób. Pewnym rozwiązaniem (bez zwiększania obciążeń statystycznych pracodawców i kosztów GUS) byłoby powiązanie istniejących już baz gromadzących podobne dane o pracujących, a odnoszące się do ZUS-u, KRUS-u i Urzędów Skarbowych.
3
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The impact of demographic processes on changes in services. An example of the Silesian Voivodeship

100%
Kłosowski F.
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 3
38-50
EN
The aim of this article is to show the impact of demographic changes on the situation in the services of the Silesian Voivodeship and its selected cities. The analysis covers the period of 1999–2019. The method of comparative analysis was applied in the study. The presented material does not allow defining the nature of this impact unambiguously. The dominant trend in the population decline in the voivodship and in most of its cities does not automatically result in a decline in the level of the development of services. We also observe stabilization or even its increase. This also applies to those services that are addressed to people of pre-working age, i.e. the group with the largest regression in the population. However, the dynamic growth in the number of seniors results in a significant increase in the number of institutions and social programs addressed to them. Yet, there is no doubt that services addressed to the elderly do not fully meet the needs of this group of residents today, and taking into account demographic forecasts, they must show high dynamics of development in the forthcoming years.
4
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Współczesne tendencje lokalizacji usług w częściach śródmiejskich polskich miast

100%
Kłosowski F.
Studia Miejskie
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2010
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vol. 2
37-47
EN
The paper is an attempt to formulate generalized conclusions related to location ofservices in central areas of Polish cities. The main focus is laid upon the following points:1. determination of current factors that affect location ofservices in cities;2. definition of places that promote development ofservices in central city areas with reference to service structure;3. periodical changes in services, which resulted in determination of 4 stages comprising the years 1989-1990,1991-1994,1995-1999, and the period after the year 2000.
PL
Artykuł jest próbą sformułowania ogólnych wniosków dotyczących lokalizacji usług w centralnych obszarach polskich miast. Główny nacisk jest położony na następujące kwestie:  1. określenie obecnych czynników, które wpływają na lokalizację usług w miastach;2. określenie miejsca wspierających rozwój usług w centralnych obszarach miasta w odniesieniu do    struktury usług;                                                                                                                                                                        3. okresowe zmiany w usługach, które spowodowały wyróżnienie 4 okresów: 1989-1990, 1991-1994,          1995-1999 oraz okresu po 2000 r.
5
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Zmiany struktury przestrzennej usług i ich konsekwencje dla rynku pracy województwa śląskiego

100%
Kłosowski F.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2014
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vol. 26
81-97
PL
Celem analizy jest określenie zmian dokonujących się w usługach województwa śląskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem okresu po roku 2008 (kryzys gospodarczy). Zebrany materiał pozwolił na sformułowanie następujących wniosków: 1. Analiza danych statystycznych oraz wyników badań ankietowych pozwala na stwierdzenie, że w odniesieniu do usług województwa śląskiego trudno mówić o kryzysie gospodarczym, chociaż można zauważyć znaczne spowolnienie rozwoju, które było jednak przesunięte w czasie w stosunku do kryzysu ogólnoświatowego (objęło lata 2010 i 2011). 2. W badanym okresie dokonały się znaczące zmiany poziomu rozwoju usług w gminach województwa śląskiego. Nie zmieniło to jednak ogólnego obrazu rozwoju usług, w którym dominującą pozycję zachowały Katowice. Nastąpiło jednak nieznaczne zmniejszenie przestrzennych dysproporcji w poziomie rozwoju usług. 3. Wzrost liczby pracujących w usługach ograniczył negatywne konsekwencje dla runku pracy. Ustalono, że wysoki poziom rozwoju usług korzystnie wpływa na niższą stopę bezrobocia, jednak brak jest istotnej statystycznie zależności między dynamiką zmian w usługach a podobnymi zmianami w poziomie bezrobocia.
EN
The aim of the analysis is to determine the changes occurring in the services of the Silesian Voivodeship with special regard to the period after the year 2008(economic crisis). The collected material enabled the authors to formulate the following conclusions: First of all, the analysis of the statistical data as well as the results of poll research allows the authors to state that there are hardly any reasons to speak of economic crisis with regard to the services provided within the area of the Silesian Voivodeship. Despite the fact that the rate of development was considerably decreased in the area, it still occurred at a delay in comparison to the global crisis (the years 2010 and 2011). Secondly, the investigated period of time revealed considerable changes in the level of service development with regard to municipalities of the Silesian Voivodeship. Little though did it affect the general image of service development, which was still dominated by Katowice. There was, however, a small decrease in spatial disproportions within the level of service development. Thirdly, the increase of employment in services reduced the negative consequences for the labour market. The high level of service development was considered to favourably affect the unemployment rate, although there is no significant statistical relationship between changes in services and similar changes in unemployment level.
6
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Changes in Population and Economy in Śląskie Voivodship in the Context of the Suburbanization Process

63%
Runge J., Kłosowski F.
Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
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2011
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vol. 16
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issue 16
89-106
EN
This paper attempts to determine and describe suburbanization stages (especially in the context of political-economic transformations and population changes) and also, to verify classical models of urbanization stages as a system of concentric zones, basing on historical process of development of complex settlement systems of Katowice voivodship (according to the former administrative division), i.e., Katowice conurbation, Rybnik agglomeration, Bielsko-Biała agglomeration, and Częstochowa agglomeration. The analysis includes the population number and the balance of migration between 1975 and 2008, as well as the number of entities of national economy between 1995 and 2008. Every settlement system was divided into its core, such as the main city or a group of cities, and its surrounding area, comprising urban and rural municipalities directly neighbouring the core. The calculations included absolute single-base increments and chain increments.The analysis showed that the historical processes of urbanization of the Śląskie voivodship reveal significant variations in the way they were shaped in comparison with model-based approaches included in the literature of the subject matter. The agglomeration of Częstochowa is the closest to the concentric model, consisting of urbanization, suburbanization and deurbanization, whereas the remaining settlement systems reveal bigger or smaller differences. Variations between analyzed settlement systems reveal themselves also in contemporary times. The rate of population growth and migration balances divide the systems into different stages of maturity of suburbanization. The earliest were discovered in the Katowice conurbation. As much as the rate of population changes and migration balances significantly differentiated the core areas in comparison with their surroundings, the differences were less obvious in the aspect of business growth rate. This results from the fact that the core areas still retain the majority of workplaces. An increase of business activity around the surrounding areas remains selective, both as to the kind and space, revealing somehow higher rate as far as the agglomeration of Bielsko-Biała is concerned.
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