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Another Theory of Partisan

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Gailius B.

Horyzonty Polityki

2016

vol. 7

issue 20

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To reread Carl Schmitt’s theory of the partisan and by doing so present another theory of partisan. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: Partisan war is treated as a war method rather than a phenomenon. The method is interpretive, based on historical facts. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: At first the author retells and present Carl Schmitt’s theory of the partisan. Then the author applies this theory to 19th century European history with a special focus on Polish‑Lithuanian history. Based on this historical account the authors presents his own theory of another partisan. RESEARCH RESULTS: Another theory of partisan ties the figure of partisan and partisan war as the specific phenomenon to the concrete historical and geographical space. This theory highlights the specific modern European character of the partisan war and presents the Polish‑Lithuanian partisan history as the model of such war. Seen through the lenses of the national sovereignty and the sovereign dictatorship, this history represents the case par excellence of transition from the order of the 18th century to the modern European republic of the 21st century. The partisan then is first of all the citizen. Brought to the extreme by the enemy he takes the sovereign decision to resist and this way brings the political idea of republic to its concrete existence. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: “The Theory of Partisan” by Carl Schmitt was the rare if not the only attempt at building a finished and conclusive theory of the phenomenon, which seemed so important for the modern European history. Therefore it is fair and reasonable to treat Schmitt as a central figure of the “partisan” thought. His concept of partisan as the specific figure of the modern war is especially valuable and allows to see Polish‑Lithuanian as well as European history in another perspective.

Status polityczny i prawny dowodztwa litewskiej partyzantki w latach 1944-1953

100%

Gailius B.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

2011

issue 2(16)

207-227

Historically the Lithuanian guerrilla war against the soviet occupation embraces the period from 1944 to 1953 and is divided into three stages: 1944- -1946; 1946 -1948 and from 1949 onwards. The question of the leadership was important throughout the history of the guerrilla war. Not only the commanders of the guerrilla fighters, but also the organizations of the emigres as well as the diplomatic corps thought of themselves as the representatives of Lithuania. However, it was the partisans who were actually fighting the occupants and who therefore were in the closest relationship with the political nation – the undoubted bearer of the sovereignty according to the contemporary worldview. Therefore, to the leadership of the guerrilla movement belonged not only the military, but also the political authority in the occupied Lithuania. If the guerrilla war is interpreted according to the concept of Carl Schmitt, its relation to the political nation becomes apparent. It takes little effort to see in “the defensive-autochthonous defender of home” the modern citizen par excelence – the one who is ready to take up arms in defense of his fatherland. However, this interconnection escaped the attention of Carl Schmitt himself. Therefore “The Theory of Partisan” was left independent of the Carl Schmitt’s concept of the sovereignty (“Sovereign is he who decides on the exception”). But if the guerrilla war is considered as itself the state of exception, it opens the way for the qualitatively new theory.

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1 Horyzonty Polityki

1 Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

2 Gailius B.

1 2016

1 2011

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Another Theory of Partisan

Status polityczny i prawny dowodztwa litewskiej partyzantki w latach 1944-1953