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Shared Parameter Database of War Gaming Software: Case Study on Commercial Simulation Databases

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Liekovuori K., Rautio S., Härkönen A.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2021
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vol. 35(35)
82-99
EN
Background: The current research brings up the perspective of security-critical information systems in shared parameter databases in the context of processing sensitive data at Finnish Naval Warfare Centre. It refers to the environment of isolated military war gaming simulation and modeling systems. The research problem is: How to make an optimal solution for data distribution in different military war gaming simulation and modeling software? Objectives: The objective is to create a single shared database usable with different detail level software, e.g. high-level scenario simulation, technical system-of-system simulations, and system-level physical simulations. Methods: The methods are modeling, simulation and operation analysis. The approach is inductive, the strategy is a qualitative case study and the data collection was implemented by exploring database models and their combinations. The integration was implemented in an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), PostgreSQL. Results: The shared database led to efficient access to simulation parameters, more straightforward system integration and improved scalability. Conclusions: The results of modeling and simulation indicated that the integration is possible to implement.
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Legal Aspects of Additive Manufacturing in the Military Logistics

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Rautio S., Tuomi T., Akmal J.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2022
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vol. 40(40)
154-195
EN
Background: The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in military logistics is limited by the uncertainty about the legal risks of using the method. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential legal risks associated with AM of military materiel and its effects. The study was conducted as a case study, where AM is considered in military logistics. Methods: Legal issues were approached from the normative point of view in the context of potential legal dispute situations in four different cases. The topic was studied by reviewing and analyzing literature sources, official sources, and Finnish Defence Forces military materiel purchasing contracts and interviews. The study interpreted and systematized the general principles of IPR and contract law when using AM in the military. Results: An identified result of the study was that the use of AM to print military materiel under normal conditions may entail risks that should be contractually managed. In other cases, e.g. crises or wartime, there are risks, but they are difficult to predict and manage or are acceptable. The results of the study concern countries with a similar military economic system to Finland in terms of military logistics. The results can be applied to the activities of different security sectors, due to the similarity of their activities. Conclusions: The use of AM can enable the material to be used in safety situations where speed and versatility are required for material readiness. The use of the method requires a legal right, the holder of which has the right to manufacture the product. In different situations, the legal basis is open to interpretation and may pose risks to the decision-maker. The research will provide information to decision-makers for the preparation of contracts for the acquisition and maintenance of military material and implementing AM to military logistics.
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