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Z dziejów sowieckich obozów dla Polaków z Wileńszczyzny: łagier nr 0321 w Jełszance koło Saratowa

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Rogut D.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
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2001
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vol. 71
EN
The operation „Ostra Brama” („sharp Gate") was begun within the frame of „Burza” („Storm” ) action in Wilno district at night on July 6Ut to 7lh 1944. The aim of operation was to liberate Wilno by the forces of the Polish Home Army before the soviet troops would come. This attempt failed. The USRR regarded Home Army as an „enemy structure” and greater part of Polish detachments were disarmed by Soviets. Arrested Polish soldiers were deported to lagiers (soviet camps in Gulag system). The massive repression were undertaken against the Poles all over Wilno district. The Poles suspected to participated in the „Polish counter-revolutionary organisations” were deported to the „filter” camps (PFL). There they were investigated to find those soldiers of Home Army who still were not captured. In 1945 one of the group of the arrested - 2242 persons (mainly the Poles) - was transported in two parts to PFL No 0321 in Jelszanka near Saratow. The prisoners (men and women) were used for digging the ditches for the gas main Saratow-Moskwa, or for various works in kolkhozes and building operations. Extremely hard work, tragic sanitary conditions and the lack of medicines caused high death rate among the Poles. Probably about 150-200 persons died. Some relase of prisoners in August 1945 was limited mainly to those completely unable to work, because of the exhaustion and destruction of their health. Still the other camps waited for the rest of the Poles. In October 1945 they were sent to PFL No 0331 in Kutaisi in Georgia. They were to be stay there for following two years. After the revolt of prisoners in Kutaisi (May 1947) the Poles were divided into three groups and sent to the camps in Borowicze (No 270), in Astrachan, and in Stalingrad (No 108). Most of them were released not earlier than on the turn of 1948/1949.
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ESCAPES OF HOME ARMY SPLDIERS FROM A NKVD-MVD CAMP NO.178-454 IN RYAZAN (1945-1946) (Ucieczki zolnierzy Armii Krajowej z obozu NKWD-MWD nr 178-454 w Riazaniu (1945-1946)

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Rogut D.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2008
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issue 3
79-93
EN
Well aware of the lack of support, the communists inaugurated their governance by resorting to repression and terror, and relied on the support of their Soviet ally. Three divisions of MVD armies, NKVD operational groups and 'Smersh' Counter–Intelligence, deployed against Polish society since the second half of 1944, initiated mass-scale arrests. The activity pursued by the NKVD de facto commenced the Soviet occupation of Polish lands. POW camp 178-454 was set up in Ryazan, about 180 kilometers to the southeast of Moscow. In 1944-1957 the inmates totalled 2 672 Poles and Polish citizens, the majority being Home Army soldiers and officers from Lvow, Wilno, Lublin, Bialystok and the environs of Warsaw, The prisoners also included Home Army commanders, including several hundred junior officers. All told, at least forty Poles escaped from the Ryazan camp, i.e. the largest number of inmates than in any other camp with Polish detainees. The camp also witnessed the greatest number of attempted escapes, carried out with the application of assorted variants.The majority failed, but this did not alter the fact that many inmates continued to attempt to flee the Soviet 'paradise'.
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Konferencja naukowa dla uczczenia 60. rocznicy utworzenia Instytutu Józefa Piłsudskiego w Nowym Jorku i 80. rocznicy powołania Instytutu Badania Najnowszej Historii Polski im. Józefa Piłsudskiego w Warszawie

100%
Rogut D.
Przegląd Nauk Historycznych
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2003
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vol. 2
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issue 2
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