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DEMOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOUR AND THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF FERTILITY DETERMINANTS IN SLOVAKIA 1930

100%
Roupa M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2012
|
vol. 44
|
issue 3
255 – 290
EN
In 1930, the population of Slovakia was in the middle of a demographic transition. Various models of fertility behaviour were common, and so were families with high and low numbers of children. This paper looks at the causes of differences in fertility by comparing the level of fertility with economic, social and cultural indicators in 81 districts of Slovakia. The results show that several social and economic factors had a strong relationship with fertility: illiteracy, infant mortality, the proportion of dependence on agriculture and other factors, most of which can be described as measures of the modernization of society. Ethnic and religious structures of the population were less important factors. Also the relationship of fertility with marriage age and the proportion of married were surprisingly weak. The paper discusses possible explanations for the relationship between fertility and indicators, i.e. mechanisms underlying these relations, but the available data do not allow sufficient verification. Instead of finding causal relations, it is possible to show the proxies of general modernization, which would be most effective in estimating the level of fertility. The level of education, which best reflects the change in economic conditions as well as change in values and attitudes of people – both necessary for fertility decline, proved to be such an indicator.
2

HISTORICKÁ PODMIENENOSŤ REGIONÁLNYCH DEMOGRAFICKÝCH ROZDIELOV NA SLOVENSKU

63%
Roupa M., Kusendová D.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
343 – 375
EN
This paper deals with the comparison of regional differences of demographic characteristics in Slovakia in 1930 and 2001. The paper examines how regional demographic variability in 1930s affected today‘s regional demographic variability. It examines changes of regional variability of fertility, non-marital fertility, age at marriage, divorce rate, infant mortality, and age, ethnic, religious, educational and economic structures of population. For both years, districts are used as regional units. Firstly, regional differences in 1930 and 2001 are compared by visual examination of thematic maps. Districts are then ranked by values of demographic indicators and ranks in 1930 and 2001 are compared by scatter plots and Spearman‘s rank correlation coefficients. The results show that regional differences in most of the demographic characteristics have substantially changed. It means that present-day regional demographic differences are affected more by development in the past 70 years than by the situation in 1930. The exceptions are in ethnic and religious structure with a strong relationship between regional variability in 1930 and 2001. Special attention is paid to the districts which have undergone extreme change in rank between 1930 and 2001. The paper also describes two historical demographic data sources – 1930 Population Census of Czechoslovakia and interwar Czechoslovak Vital Statistics.
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