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EN
This paper aims to estimate the innovation gap between Poland and European Union countries, and evaluate the innovative position of the Polish economy in relation to EU countries. The assessment was conducted on the grounds of the Summary Innovation Index, presented in the Innovation Union Scoreboard and an examination into the indicators describing the index. Results of the analysis show the occurrence of the innovation gap for the most indicators in comparison to innovative leaders in the EU, as well as to the EU countries with a similar level of economic development, i.e., the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia.
PL
Termin „gospodarka oparta na wiedzy” został w ostatnich latach na stałe włączony do słownika polityków, ekonomistów i socjologów. Niemniej pozostaje on wciąż wieloznaczny i nieostry. W literaturze przedmiotu występuje wiele definicji „gospodarki opartej na wiedzy”; najczęściej akcentuje się w nich następujące cechy owej gospodarki. Są to: (a) niski udział w zatrudnieniu i PKB rolnictwa i przemysłu, a bardzo wysoki udział sfery usług, (b) wysoki udział w inwestycjach inwestycji w wiedzę i „software”, (c) wysoki udział nowoczesnych technik i technologii w sferze produkcji. W definicji gospodarki opartej na wiedzy, zamieszczonej w pionierskim opracowaniu OECD zatytułowanym The Future of Global Economy, zwraca się uwagę na wzrost
EN
The creating the knowledge-based economy is the new phase in the development of economy and society called “information society”. The term means the economy in which the knowledge is of great importance in stimulating the economic and social development; the knowledge is the more important factor determining the level and the rate of economic development than expenditures on fixed assets. The knowledge is defined as a set of information and opinions that may have practical cognitive value or as a set of veraciuos information concerning the reality and the skill of using it. The article is devoted especially to the problem of promotion the knowledge-based economy in Poland. To meet the requirements resulting from the accession to the European Union, Poland has to prepare the long-term social and economic programme which essence should be the improvement of competitiveness of Polish economy in the global market. The Lisbon Strategy, accepted by the European Council in March of 2000, could be acknowledged as a good basis of such a programme.
EN
The paper considers the very important issue of innovativeness of Polish economy with particular attention given to its innovation strategy. The major thesis of paper argues that the growth of innovativeness of Polish economy requires structural, institutional and financial changes in the long run. The paper is divided into three parts. First deals with the assessment of innovative potential and innovative activity of Polish economy. Second presents the main causes of insufficient level of innovativeness of Polish economy. Third discusses the issue of innovation strategy suitable for development of Polish economy.
PL
Przedmiotem opracowania jest diagnostyka i ocena przeobrażeń w sektorowej strukturze zatrudnienia w krajach UE w czasie. Na tym tle eksponowane są zmiany w GN Polski w okresie 1997– 2008. Dla zilustrowania i empirycznej weryfikacji teorii trzech sektorów A. Fishera, C. Clarka i J. Fourastie zorientowanej na ocenę procesu modernizacji unijnych gospodarek wykorzystane zostały klasyczne narzędzia analizy statystycznej oraz mało znana w Polsce, a popularna w USA, technika pomiaru sektorowych zmian strukturalnych w czasie, jaką jest technika przesunięć udziałów (shift-share).
PL
Celem artykułu jest ocena poziomu innowacyjności polskiej gospodarki i określenie jej pozycji innowacyjnej na tle krajów UE. Szacunków dokonano na podstawie sumarycznego wskaźnika innowacji, prezentowanego przez Komisję Europejską w Unijnej Tablicy Wyników w zakresie Innowacji (Innovation Union Scoreboard – IUS), jak również w oparciu o zmienne tworzące ten wskaźnik. Do oceny poziomu innowacyjności polskiej gospodarki wykorzystano także indykatory składające się na dwunasty filar globalnego indeksu konkurencyjności (Global Competitiveness Index – GCI), zatytułowany „Innowacje”. Wyniki analizy wskazują, że polska gospodarka charakteryzuje się niskim poziomem wskaźników opisujących większość badanych obszarów potencjału innowacyjnego, zarówno w odniesieniu do innowacyjnych liderów UE, jak również krajów UE o zbliżonym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego, tj. Czech, Węgier i Słowenii.
EN
This paper aims to estimate the level of innovativeness of the Polish economy and evaluate its innovative position in relation to EU countries. The assessment was conducted on the grounds of the Summary Innovation Index, presented in the Innovation Union Scoreboard, and an examination into the indicators describing the index. Another method which makes it possible to assess the innovativeness level of the Polish economy is the analysis of indicators related to innovation, which make up the twelfth pillar of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) entitled “Innovations”. Results of the analysis show that the Polish economy is characterized by low – level indicators which describe the most of researched areas of innovation potential both in comparison to innovative leaders in the EU, as well as to the EU countries with a similar level of economic development i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia.
PL
Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów
EN
The deep systemic transformation and the Poland's integration with the European Union create new opportunities and impulses for the development of innovation propensity in the economy. The opportunities are connected with gaining a wide access to the achievements of European science and technology. Simultaneously, barriers to the absorption of world technical achievements can appear, which result from structural deformations of the Polish economy and insufficient absorption of innovations by companies. The Polish companies compete in the open European market with the Western companies, which are characterised by a high level of propensity to innovate. The paper considers the innovation activity of the Polish economy and, more specifically, the following problems: a) characteristics of the innovation potential of the Polish economy, b) assessment of the innovative activity of the economy, c) presentation of the Polish innovation system. The paper also evaluates the conditions for stimulating the innovation activity of the Polish economy. It is a difficult task to raise this activity for many reasons, which include: firstly, low financial outlays on research and development in Poland; secondly, low degree of commercialisation of innovations; thirdly, absence of efficient mechanism releasing the propensity to innovate in the economy.
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