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1

ARCHAEOZOOLOGY OF THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD SETTLEMENT AT VEĽKÉ ZÁLUŽIE IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DATA

100%
Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2019
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vol. 67
|
issue 1
61 – 112
EN
The research on Roman period archaeozoology is rarely discussed in Slovakia. So far, data suggest the great importance of cattle and pigs in the meaty diet and the focus on exploitation of caprines for the secondary products such as wool and milk. During the 3rd and 4th c. AD, an increasing role of pigs in the subsistence has been noted at Germanic sites in the vicinity of Bratislava. The analysis of a small bone assemblage recovered during the rescue excavation of the Late Roman period settlement at Veľké Zálužie (Nitra district), offered a similar results. The taxa representation as well as the sex and age assessment attested the leading role of cattle (33.6 % by NISP) among the main meat suppliers. Balanced proportions of pig (15.3 %), caprines (13.4 %) and cervids (10 %) pointed out their minor, but not negligible importance of pork, lamb/mutton and venison in subsistence of the local Germanic peoples. Scarcely presented dog and horse bones provided no indices of butchery registered elsewhere in barbaric milieu (e.g. Veľký Meder). Bones of birds or fish were not found in the material either due to hand-recovery of analysed samples or restricted role within the diet. The calculated withers height of cattle (113.7 cm) and morphology of the horn-core showed that the local animals were small to medium sized with short horns. The simple tools made of worked animal bones/antlers offered the evidence on processing the pottery and/or leather or gaming. The partially preserved skeleton of a fawn red deer aged 3 – 4 months was found in one of the settlement pits.
2

ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE LATE ROMAN AND EARLY MIGRATION PERIOD SETTLEMENTS AT VRBOV AND LAZISKO (NORTHERN SLOVAKIA)

100%
Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue suppl 2
301 – 315
EN
The aim of the contribution is to present the very first information on the animal remains from the North Carpathian Group unfortified settlements (4th – 5th c. AD) of northern Slovakia. Although the analysed sample size is small – 348 specimens in total – it sheds light on animal husbandry, hunting and the animal-based diet of these populations. Despite their different natural settings, the riverine settlement at Vrbov-Vrbovský lesík (Kežmarok distr.) and the hilltop settlement at Lazisko-Zvon (Liptovský Mikuláš distr.) showed the same dependence on domestic livestock with a focus on cattle (Bos taurus) and caprines (Ovis/Capra). The higher age-at-slaughter of both species suggested they were most probably of mixed utility, i.e. they produced meat, milk and wool. At both sites, pigs (Sus domesticus) occurred in low numbers. The butchered horse bones (Equus caballus) from Lazisko indicated that horse meat was occasionally consumed. Also results suggested that wild mammals played a negligible role in either subsistence terms or the economy. The find of a brown bear tooth from Lazisko, most probably an amulet, reflects the sporadic hunting activities that did take place.
3

DOM U CHROMEJ STRAKY. ARCHEOLOGICKÝ A ARCHEOZOOLOGICKÝ VÝSKUM ZANIKNUTEJ STREDOVEKEJ DEDINY TOMANOVÁ

63%
Bielich M., Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue suppl. 3
313 – 333
EN
Archaeological research in the cadastre of the village of Rumanová (Nitra dist.) in the location of Tomanov háj was carried out in 2020 – 2021. The geophysical survey here partially delineated the edges of the medieval settlement, which, based on written sources, existed from the middle of the 12th to the beginning of the 15th c. A total of 16 housing estates, relics of the Tomanová (Tomáň) village, were uncovered. Based on the analysis of the ceramic material, it was possible to capture two time horizons of its settlement. An important discovery is a dwelling, perhaps a mansion, from the end of the 14th to the beginning of the 15th c. The examined animal remains prove the importance of domestic animal breeding and the predominant consumption of pork. A remarkable find is the partially preserved skeleton of a magpie (Pica pica), discovered on the floor of the basement area of the investigated dwelling.
4

CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL HEALTH IN THE EARLY BRONZE AGE EUROPE. CASE STUDY FROM PATA, SOUTHWESTERN SLOVAKIA

63%
Bodoriková S., Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 1
1 – 22
EN
The paper presents results of the dental state analysis in non-adult and adult individuals from the Early Bronze Age cemetery in Pata (site Diely), southwestern Slovakia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and periapical inflammatory processes and compare it with the populations living in the territory of Slovakia during the Bronze and Early Middle Ages. Non-adults consisted of individuals both with deciduous and mixed dentition. The children with deciduous dentition had all teeth intact. In group of non-adults with mixed dentition, four individuals had deciduous teeth affected by dental caries (F-CE = 12.5 %, I-CE = 5.7 %). In adults, the analysis was carried out in 134 individuals (54 males, 69 females and 11 individuals of undetermined sex). The caries frequency index (F-CE) reached 53.7 %. The caries intensity (I-CE), consisting of the frequency of carious teeth % C = 5.2 %) and ante-mortem tooth loss % E = 8.1 %), reached 13.3 %. Both the F-CE and I-CE have positively growing tendency with increasing age. No significant intersexual differences in the caries frequency and the caries intensity were found. An inflammatory periapical lesion was examined only in adults. In 28 (20.9 %) affected individuals, 62 (3.1 %) alveoli were changed by the inflammation. The abscess/osteomyelitis was the most frequent (61.3 %), followed by periapical granuloma (24.2 %) and radicular cysts (14.5 %). The prevalence of caries among Early Bronze Age population groups from Pata, Rumanová, and Melčice was similar, while in Early Bronze Age Branč and early medieval cemeteries their prevalence was significantly higher. We assume that the observed differences are related to a different lifestyle, especially dietary habits.
5
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RYBY A PÔST V ZOBORSKOM KLÁŠTORE PRI NITRE VO SVETLE ARCHEOZOOLOGICKÝCH DOKLADOV

51%
Bielichová Z., Samuel M., Hensel K.
Študijné zvesti
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2019
|
issue 65
133 - 178
EN
The paper presents the first results of the analysis of archaeo-faunal remains from the monastery at Nitra-Zobor site (SW Slovakia). The majority of the 5201 analysed specimens (five samples) came from the cellar and floors of two monk’s houses from the Camaldulese Monastery of St. Joseph (1693–1782). The remainder originated from areas between the houses (one sample), layers connected to the construction and destruction of the baroque monastery (two samples), a single medieval feature (one sample) and unspecified contexts (two samples). The material is dominated by aquatic or semi-aquatic taxa (97.3%) including fish (Pisces), crayfish (Astacus astacus), otter (Lutra lutra), beaver (Castor fiber) and the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). Only freshwater fish such pike (Esox lucius), carp (Cyprinus carpio), Danube catfish (Silurus glanis), sturgeon (Acipenser sp.), tench (Tinca tinca), dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), and bleak (Alburnus alburnus) were identified. Large-sized individuals predominate in the assemblage pointing to the anthropogenic selection of fish, and a wealth of natural resources or favourable artificial fishponds. The representation of skeletal elements from the head, trunk and fin indicate that complete fresh fish were brought to the site. Monks consumed whole or portions of fish (traces of butchery and chewing are recorded). The assemblage from house no. 9 had an exclusively fasting character, while house no. 3 yielded bones of domestic mammals - young sheep/goat, cattle, chicken, goose and turkey. The spatial differences are explained through the context of finds, when in the latter are related with the construction and destruction of the baroque monastery. The meat of domestic mammals was probably consumed in the monastery by service staff and other secular persons that often visited and used local public services.
6

NOSILA RÚŠKO? OSTEOARCHEOLOGICKÝ ROZBOR HROBU ZO SÍDLISKA ZO STARŠEJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ V ZBEHOCH

45%
Hukeľová Z., Bielichová Z., Krošláková M., Daňová K., Cheben M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
225 – 236
EN
The osteoarchaeological study analyses and attempts to interpret an unusual find from an Early Bronze Age settlement burial in Zbehy (Nitra district, Slovakia). An artefact made of hollow bone shafts of birds and a hare was discovered on the face of a female aged 35–45 years. The woman probably suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis and severe dental problems, implying that the artefact may have served as a face mask. Due to the lack of archaeological analogies, the interpretation of the function of the artefact from Zbehy remains open for discussion.
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