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Books on bird-human relationship are rare among popular pet memoirs, as most of them are devoted to dogs or cats. The present article discusses two books, whose authors, American biologists, have decided to fill in this gap with accounts of their intimate bond with an adopted pet bird. Mingling memoir and science, Joanna Burger in The Parrot Who Owns Me: The Story of a Relationship (2001) and Stacey O’Brien in Wesley the Owl (2008) present stories of love which transcends the boundary of species. For a biologist, sharing a life with a bird offers a unique opportunity to study wild birds’ social behavior in the domestic environment. Unlike dogs and cats that share with humans a long history of domestication, a Red-Lored Amazon (Tiko) or a Barn Owl (Wesley) are inherently wild and can be befriended only on their own terms. Over the years, the birds come to treat their women-owners as closest companions or even mates, proving with their complex behavior that they are indeed intelligent, emotional and caring creatures. To strengthen the bond, Burger and O’Brien willingly participate in daily preening sessions. Much less willingly, they acquiesce to become the objects of the bird’s courting rituals. In the memoirs, Tiko and Wesley enjoy the status of family members, of thinking and emotional individuals whose needs and feelings deserve to be respected. Both authors are aware of the anthropomorphic point of view they adopt, however, they defend their perspective on the grounds of personal experience and scientific research. Thus, by showing the similarities between emotional and social life of human and non-human animals the books question the main assumptions of anthropocentric approach.
EN
Background: The study concerned workplace mobbing, a phenomenon affecting about 3–20% of the Polish population. The aim of the article is to distinguish the manifestations of mobbing, to study the coexistence of mobbing manifestations, and to search for the relationships between the symptoms of mobbing, reactions to mobbing and methods of dealing with mobbing used by victims. Material and Methods: Information on the above variables was obtained using a questionnaire on mobbing, risk factors, and responses to mobbing. The questionnaire was completed by 781 people (women: 66%, men: 34%). The average age of the respondents was 29 years. The current statistical analysis included: distinguishing the manifestations of mobbing by means of a confirmatory factor analysis, studying the coexistence of mobbing manifestations by means of a cluster analysis, and detecting the relationships between mobbing manifestations, reactions to mobbing and ways of dealing with it based on the system of structural equations. Results: The results of the research revealed 3 categories of relationships: a co-occurrence of mobbing manifestations, a relationship of mobbing manifestations with reactions to mobbing, and a relationship of mobbing reactions with methods of dealing with mobbing. Conclusions: Mobbing was found in 22% of the examined group. The study revealed the existence of 5 clusters of mobbing manifestations (i.e., subgroups of respondents characterized by experiencing at least 1 of the mobbing manifestations). In the most numerous clusters in which the symptoms of mobbing were diagnosed, unfriendly working conditions prevailed. In the context of mobbing, people were found to more often react with passivity or with using interpersonal coping methods. However, they rarely turned to institutions for help or used aggression against the mobber. Med Pr. 2022;73(1):1–12
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