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1

Poznawczy paradygmat rozumienia tekstu jako potencjalna metoda do badań nad stereotypowym wnioskowaniem

100%
Piber-Dąbrowska K.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2008
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vol. 3
|
issue 1(6)
41-53
EN
This article looks at spontaneously-performed stereotypical reasoning based on a set of information that is linked thematically but informally (i.e. not under logical principles). First the typical experimental approach of social psychology is presented, meaning the approach in which a stereotype is one of the premises allowing a valid, albeit not necessarily true, conclusion to be drawn. The main body of the article presents the cognitive paradigm of text comprehension, which enables the skill of informal reasoning to be tested – or more specifically, the building of a situational model via the integration of information obtained with previously possessed knowledge (in the form of a stereotype, for example, or another heuristic). This method seems to be appropriate for testing the kind of stereotypical reasoning in which the stereotype is not a necessary premise for drawing conclusions, but rather an additional factor that may disrupt the ability to reason based on the premises given (especially in individuals who possess a stereotype). The appropriateness of using the text comprehension method for studying this sort of stereotypical reasoning is then discussed, based on the example of the author’s research.
2

Stereotyp a logiczne wnioskowanie

100%
Piber-Dąbrowska K.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2008
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vol. 3
|
issue 2(7)
124-132
EN
Under the traditional approach, a stereotype is treated as a direct or indirect premise used in reasoning about a representative of a stereotyped category. The objective of the present article is to highlight a different role played by a stereotype: as a potential factor that can distort one's ability to reason sensu stricto, in other words independently of one's individual views, beliefs, and experiences. There are presented findings obtained by applying the two research paradigms most frequently utilized in the psychology of social cognition: one involves reasoning on the basis of statistical rules (more specifically: estimating covariance, or Simpson's paradox), the other involves reasoning using the rules of inferential logic (linear syllogisms). The results obtained with the Simpson's paradox paradigm confirm the results of classic studies on stereotypical reasoning: during reasoning about the relation of two categories of individuals, including one stereotyped category, conclusions are distorted to be more consistent with the stereotype than with the statistical premises. Results obtained using linear syllogisms, in turn, evidenced an additional - albeit poorly explored - effect of (negative) stereotype stimulation: the reasoning deficit here turns out to occur not so much with respect to the representative of a stereotyped category, as with respect to an individual who co-occurs but belongs to a different social group.
3

Spostrzeganie bez uprzedzeń i stereotypów – zarys problematyki

63%
Sedek G., Piber-Dąbrowska K.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2006
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vol. 1
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issue 2(2)
95-100
EN
The introduction to the thematic issue "Perception without prejudices and stereotypes" shows the relations between nine articles of this volume and broader theoretical context of this research domain. We briefly discuss the variety of different cognitive, motivational, personality, and social processes that may reduce prejudices and stereotypes. We emphasize the important contribution of Polish social psychologists in this domain and indicate the potential practical applications of this knowledge.
4

Jak bezpowrotnie stłumić myśli o alkoholizmie niedźwiedzia? Pomyśleć o jego kumplu – niealkoholiku

63%
Sedek G., Piber-Dąbrowska K.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2006
|
vol. 1
|
issue 2(2)
151-163
EN
This article describes the results of two studies which examine the new methods of effective suppressing of stereotypic thoughts. In both studies the participants read the characteristics of the two men - one of them is mentioned as being an alcoholic - and the participants' task is to describe the typical day of both men. In the first study they began with the description of non-alcoholic buddy, in the second study, they began with the description of the alcoholic. In both experiments the mental suppression of stereotypical thoughts was manipulated. Next they were examined on recognition test of memory details about those persons. The findings of both studies showed that participants were able to suppress the stereotypical associations.
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