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EN
The article discusses the role and significance of the wagon fort in the development of the Polish warfare of the 15th–17th centuries. The article presents the origin of the wagon fort, its purpose and organisation. The subsequent part of the paper covers the analysis of battles fought by the Polish army in 15th–17th centuries, which are model examples of the use of the wagon fort both due to the character of conducted activities and the manoeuvres used as well as tactical and operational solutions. Therefore, the analysis covered the battles of Świecino, Obertyn and Kumejki, focusing mainly on the emphasis of the ways the wagon fort is used on the battlefield as well as the reception of Hussite models by Polish command¬ers. The final part of the paper contains conclusions concerning the analysed research area.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest całokształtowi działań wchodzących w skład koncepcji politycznej króla Polski Jana III Sobieskiego, określanej jako polityka bałtycka. Oprócz założeń polityki bałtyckiej, których prezentacja jest naturalnym następstwem podjętej problematyki badawczej szczególną uwagę zwrócono na posunięcia Jana III Sobieskiego w sferze wewnętrznej, a także zewnętrznej, zmierzające do zrealizowania powziętych planów. Dokonano wreszcie bilansu polityki bałtyckiej Sobieskiego, wraz z oceną pod kątem rzeczywistych korzyści dla Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów.
EN
The article discusses all military actions taken within the political concept of Polish King Jan III Sobieski which is described as Baltic policy. Among the principles of Baltic policy that were presented as the result of the author’s research, close attention was paid to the actions of Jan III Sobieski in the range of internal and external policies which were aimed at implementing his plans. The article summarises and takes stock of Jan III Sobieski’s Baltic policy as well as it comprises the evaluation and review of benefits for The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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