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EN
The article comments on the Polish edition of Izrael Rabon’s Bałut: a roman fun a forsztot (1934). It includes exegesis of a novel, omitted by the publisher. Reminds and discusses earlier transaltion attemps of its parts into Polish. It classifies the Rabon’s work as an action novel, meant, by the author, to be published in parts in a newspaper. The article also portrays a variety of similar works published in Lodz press in 1918–1939. It recognizes the first print publisher and describes the profile of his printing house. Serves as a review of polish-jewish literature scene in Mid War time. It also conveys a polemic with presented in book vision of Baluty district as a place inhabited mainly by Jews and Poles. There is an attempt of correcting mistakes and omissions of the above mentioned publication.
EN
At the turn of 19th and 20th centuries the first academic writings on the Lodz textile industry were developed.Their authors were descendants of Lodz factory owners who studied at German universities (Frida Bielschowsky, Kurt Schweikert), as well as researchers not connected with Lodz (Róża Luksemburg, Alfred Scholz). The common feature of these research papers was their histori­cal and economical view of the subject. The article characterizes the main thesis of the writings and shows the influence of Marxist theory as well as the ideas of the younger German school of econo­mics. The sources of glorification in the presentation of the achievements and influence of German industrialists were also discussed.The article contains a thesis on the permanency of the Lodz indu­strial image which was created in the discussed academic writings.
PL

PL
Rozwój i zróżnicowanie społeczności protestanckiej w tworzącej się metropolii przemysłowej, jaką stawała się Łódź w latach 1820–1914, nie były dotąd przedmiotem pogłębionych badań. Wydana w 2014 r. książka Hanny Krajewskiej stara się wypełnić tę lukę, opisując poszczególne denominacje oraz dziedziny i formy szczególnej aktywności ich członków: ewangelizację i edukację. Nie jest to próba udana. Wadliwa jest koncepcja pracy, w której nie zdefiniowano kluczowego pojęcia „ewangelizacja”, zaliczając do niej praktycznie wszystkie przejawy działalności wspólnot wyznaniowych, łącznie z dokonaniami na polu edukacji.
EN
The article outlines the outcomes of social activities undertaken by the elites of Protestant industrialists of Łódź in the 19th and 20th century, highlighting the religious motivations behind their initiatives. The author draws attention to the correlation between the Protestant worldview and ethics and the demands of the nascent capitalism, in the circumstances where the state failed to address the numerous social problems of the times.
EN
Peasants from Hessia and Badenia appeared in the Polish Kingdom in the years 1835–1837. The reasons for their emigration were the difficult economic situation in their countries of origin (overpopulation of villages) and encouragement by the Polish Kingdom government and owners of landed estates, who were interested in creating new villages in their lands. As a result, several such settlements were set up (Srebrna, Bechcice, Łobudzice) in the estate of Mikołaj Krzywiec Okołowicz, on the border of Kalisz and Mazowsze voivodeships. The assistance offered by the squire helped the newcomers overcome the difficulties of the first years in the new place. In later years their villages distinguished themselves positively by economic stability. The immigrants from Hessia (Protestants) maintained their distinct character in the Polish (Catholic) environment, while the peasants from Badenia (Catholics) integrated with the Polish population.
EN
The article contributes to recognition of the settlement processes in the Western part of then Zgierz County at the turn of 18th and 19th centuries. It discusses and presents issues based on formerly unknown sources concerning the establishment of Olęder settlements in Ruda Bugaj and Brużyca Mała. The study, based on sources which were never accounted before, resulted in clearing the doubts concerning the exact date of establishment of the industrial settlement in Aleksandrów.
PL
Artykuł stanowi przyczynek do poznania procesu osadniczego przebiegającego na przełomie XVIII i XIX w. w zachodniej części ówczesnego powiatu zgierskiego. Omówiono nieznane dotychczas w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu źródła dokumentujące założenie osad olęderskich w Rudzie, Bugaju i Brużyczce Małej. Na podstawie nieuwzględnianego dotąd przekazu źródłowego rozstrzygnięto wątpliwości narosłe wokół daty założenia osady przemysłowej Aleksandrów.
EN
Prior to the First World War there were approximately 500 thousand German people living in the Kingdom of Poland, 75% of them living in the countryside. The majority of them perceived the national consciousness only in a sense of the common language and religion (confession). „The late awakening” of national consciousness was as a result of the war events. The large number of Germans gained wait-and-see attitude towards the political outcomes of the war. The most initiative branch of the Germans were so called ‘aktivists’. They felt responsible for the whole German community in the Kingdom of Poland. They constituted ‘Deutsches Verband’, which soon consisted of 20 thousand members, ‘Deutsch-evangelischen Landesschulverband’, ‘Deutschen Genossenschaftsverband’. The complete loyalty towards to the forming Polish state was publicly declared. Germans’ only claim regarded the right to use German language ‘at home, at school and in the church’. The forcing attempt of making the Evangelical-Augsburg Church a national church failed.
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