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PEČEŤ JAKO OBRAZ INDIVIDUA. NĚKOLIK PŘÍKLADŮ Z PROSTŘEDÍ PŘEDSTAVENÝCH MORAVSKÝCH KLÁŠTERŮ V RANÉM NOVOVĚKU

100%
Bolom-Kotari M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue 2
297 – 309
EN
The paper focuses on the communicating capacity of seals of superiors of Moravian monasteries at the end of middle ages and in the early modern age. It pays attention to the intention of the seal owners, but also to the existing seal matrices and to the impressions made by them. At the beginning an idea of the seal owner to get a seal matrix stands in the process of making seal. Paper follows different motives, which finally led to the creating of matrix and its usage. Almost every seal contains more levels of information. Information is connected and operates together, but not all of them are generally understandable and not all of them have constant validity. Next to the identifying function, which is closely connected to the credibility, legal force and validity, it is necessary to understand the seal as a mean of representation as well. Last but not least we can see the seal as a mirror to the contemporary historical context, which reflects the place of its origin and the position of its owner in the contemporary social structures.
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VÝVOJ PEČETÍ STŘEDNÍHO A NIŽŠÍHO KLÉRU V ČECHÁCH A NA MORAVĚ VE STŘEDOVĚKU. ZÁKLADNÍ PŘEHLED A TYPOLOGIE

100%
Bolom-Kotari M.
Konštantínove listy
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2024
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vol. 17
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issue 1
64 - 76
EN
The study focuses on the seals of the middle and lower clergy in Bohemia and Moravia in the Middle Ages. In contrast to the seals of bishops and archbishops, the sphragistic material of, for example, important episcopal officials, officials and vicars general, but also superiors and members of chapters, monastery superiors and priests, has received less attention in the form of partial studies that do not systematically cover the topic. The text provides basic information about the first appearance of seals of the mentioned ecclesiastical dignitaries. It focuses on the motifs they chose for their seals, the reasons for their use and their significance. The iconography of their seals was very varied; one can encounter portrait, hagiographic motifs and their combinations, as well as armorial, inscriptional and topographical motifs. The study also briefly summarizes the development of the use of coloured wax, the changes in the size of individual seals and notes the relationship between the size of seals of church dignitaries and other members of society.
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