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Uwagi o podstawach teoretycznych ochrony zabytków

100%

Billert A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1975

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issue 3-4

175-179

EN

At the outset of his discussion of the background for the theory of restoration and conservation the author presents the situation of history of art in times when at the end of the nineteenth century the first programmes were formulated by restores and censervators. While reverting to those days a theory by A. Riegl which had enormous effect upon the history of art should be mentioned in the first line. Nonetheless, the attitudes taken by the overwhelming majority of researchers in those times were romantic by their nature which had its reflection in metaphysical tradition adopted in conceiving the sources of art as a „sacrum” for which a „temple museum” could be considered the only appropriate place. The elitarian character of history of art took its source from the above tradition and concept mentioned above and the prevailing views have led to both absolutisation and isolation of a historical prodect of art which in our days is regarded as a historical monument. The absolutised work of art was taken over from history of art by historical monuments protection which in turn grew to a source of an apparent conflict between an isolated historical monument and a given civilizational situation. More and more apparent became the crisis resulting from the above attitudes which gave birth to numerous reactions chiefly in the area of practical activities. The opposition, in the first line, arose at problems of reconstruction where the historic matter comes in touch with the modern civilizational system. According to the author both, i.e. protection of historical monuments of institutional character and history of a rt have proved unable to meet these changes in a due way and they further compete for that legaty left by the nineteenth century. Such a situation makes it indispensable to take some revolutionary measures. The chief problem consists in the concept alone of historical monument; its conceiving as a monument or relic of the past makes it impossible to handle it as an active component of a contemporary cultural and civilizational formation. On the other hand, however, elimination of term ’’historical monument” would necessitate the full reconstruction of a discipline known as historical monuments protecion which in turn would lead from its isolation to the most close interlocking with the cultural and civilization framework. There exists the need ihat the following questions be thoroughly vented: the problems of protection of historical monuments, i.e. all problems relating to historical monuments, the concept and the sense of the term ’’historical monument”, the objectives and purposes of activities connected with protection of historical monuments, the methods of operation and the tasks of institutions involved in historical monuments protection and preservation as well as the problem of their organization. It is an indispensable condition for the proper solution of problem of historical monuments protection to take into account the dialectal interrelations existing within the contemporary social and economic formation.

2

Promocja turystyczna Ostrowa Radzimskiego

100%

Billert A.

Studia Lednickie

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2008

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vol. 9

97-101

DE

Dank den im Jahr 2002 begonnenen archäologischen Untersuchungen beginnt die Burg Radzim, die bisher höchstens den Archäologen und Historikern bekannt war, ihre Geheimnisse nicht nur vor den Wissenschaftlern, sondern auch vor den Touristen zu enthüllen. Ihre ausnehmend attraktive Lage auf einer ehemaligen Insel des Flusses Warthe (jetzt Halbinsel) und die Nachbarschaft ein er Böschung der Warthe, die mit malerischen Schluchten durchgeschnitten ist, von den die berühmteste das Naturschutzgebiet „Śnieżycowy Jar” ist, bewirken, dass Ostrów Radzimski eine ausnehmende Chance hat, als große Attraktion in der jetzt sehr modernen Kulturtouristik zum Vorschein zu kommen. Damit es so geschieht, muss für Radzim ein gutes touristisches Programm vorbereitet werden, das seinen historischen, natürlichen und Kulturwerten entspricht. Dazu passt am besten die Aufnahme von Handlungen, die mit der so genannten lebenden Archäologie verbunden sind. Für die richtige Entwicklung der Touristik ist die Bildung einer entsprechenden Basis für die Bedienung des Touristenverkehrs notwendig. Bei Radzim soll diese Infrastruktur nicht nur die Burg, sondern auch den Fluss Warthe mit anliegender Wartheböschung und „Śnieżycowy Jar” umfassen. Die touristische Verwertung muss den vollen Schutz der Kultur- und Naturwerte von Radzim und seiner Umgebung sichern. Das Ausgehen von Ostrów Radzimski aus dem Schatten der Geschichte kann bewirken, dass Radzim ein wichtiger Ort am Touristenweg der Burgen, neben so ausgezeichneten Zentren wie Ostrów Lednicki, Giecz und Grzybowo sein kann.

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Dyskusja nad artykułem J. Stankiewicza

45%

Bogdanowski J., Kalinowski W., Krzyżanowski L., Billert A., Czerner O.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1975

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issue 2

111-124

EN

A SUMMARY OF A STATEMENT BY A. BILLERT The importance of article by J. Stankiewicz has been uuierlined by the author who is of opinion that it deserves the more attention owing to the fact alone that it deals wiih questions until now not dealt in any more comprehensive manner. Tin author of the present statement has focussed his attention on the problem of some kind of demarcation between the protected spatial settings coming from the past times and the modern architectural and town planning solutions. At the moment when it has come to a direct contact between these two kinds of settings a crisis has arisen in the range of preservation and protection of historical monuments having its background in changes occurring in social consciousness and culture as well as a crisis of the man’s civilizational environment and within it another crisis, this time the crisis of a town as such. The next problem considered by the author consists in transmission of components of culture; ho s tat os that under modern conditions the museum concept is more and more frequently rejected, nevertheless, in every-day practice we have constantly to do with processes of pronounced isolation of the so-called „historic space” from the modern „standardization” which, as a final consequence, leads to „musealisation” . The author of the present statement is in full agreement with J. Stankiewicz in his views concerning the need to create some kind of „sanitary barrior” between the „historic space” and that standardized. Taking an a ttitude towards J. Stankiewicz’s postulate rolating to interdesciplinarity required in conservator’s measures the author expresses a view that the protection of historical monuments exists only as a problem or activity and not as an independent scientific discipline since it in itself constitutes a choice of various specializations from both fields — i.e. technical sciences and humanities. In the field conservation are active the representatives of creative disciplines and reflections as to their activ ities arise in the field of art history, those of aesthetics or history of architecture. The so-called conservation activity is a kind of activity from the sphere of culture and art its evaluation, however, will in each separate case have two aspects — i.e. analytical and critical as well. Basing on the above conclusions the author is of opinion that the solution of problem of demarcation between two environments is to be found in the modern creative activity of developing the space as some kind of entity. From this point of view it seems not important to fight against a single standardized multi-storey point block of flats entering the historic space, but to fight fo preservation of the entire spa,ce. This means the end of a certain stage in protection of historical monuments and the advent of now ideas more dialectically handling the reality.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

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1 Kalinowski W.

1 Krzyżanowski L.

1 2008

2 1975

Uwagi o podstawach teoretycznych ochrony zabytków

Promocja turystyczna Ostrowa Radzimskiego

Dyskusja nad artykułem J. Stankiewicza