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VÝŠINNÉ SÍDLISKÁ ŽIAR A VEĽKÝ BYSTEREC V KONTEXTE OSÍDLENIA SEVEROKARPATSKEJ SKUPINY NA LIPTOVE A NA ORAVE

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Lofajová Danielová B., Furman  M., Hajnalová  M.
Študijné zvesti
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2023
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vol. 70
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issue 2
239 – 268
EN
The North Carpathian group is an archaeological culture of the central European Late Roman and Early Migration period (4th and the 5th century AD) for which high altitude settlement at difficult to access mountain locations is typical. The choice of such a location has been linked to social and political instability and the proximity of iron ore sources. Here we present archaeological material from two recently discovered and excavated sites of this culture group located in characteristic locations Žiar, southern slope of Solisko, which lies in the Liptov region and Dolný Kubín-Veľký Bysterec, Podtarnikovo in the Orava region. Radiocarbon dates on short-lived plant remains samples place both settlements to the period of the second half of the 4th to the first third of the 5th century AD. The results of our analysis of recovered material culture, topography and raw materials distribution correlated with other available data for the period in these two regions confirm 1. The availability of iron ore in the vicinity (max. 5 km) of almost every known site of the North Carpathian group, 2. Location of settlements almost exclusively at a greater distance from the main watercourses, but always in visual contact with strategic points (fords, confluences, communications). The evidence of both eco-facts and artefacts jointly demonstrate local production of plant crops and indicate permanent settlements and subsistence farming strategy. Therefore we interpret the high altitude sites of the North Carpathian group firstly as regular settlements, not refuge places which were considered by multiple authors.
2
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MOBILITA VYBRANÝCH JEDNOTLIVCOV POCHOVANÝCH NA KELTSKOM POHREBISKU V DUBNÍKU, OKR. NOVÉ ZÁMKY, JUHOZÁPADNÉ SLOVENSKO – PILOTNÁ ŠTÚDIA

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Bujna J., Drtikolová Kaupová S., Hajnalová M., Kráľ J.
Študijné zvesti
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 2
227 - 244
EN
A pilot study for a project focused on the mobility of human individuals in a close combination of archaeology, anthropology and isotope geochemistry using strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analyses. The test assemblage consists of 8 samples of human teeth and 3 samples of animal teeth from 7 inhumation graves with 8 buried human individuals, from the Celtic cemetery in Dubník, Nové Zámky district, dated to the 4th–3rd century BC (LTB1–B2). In the evaluated pilot sample, the values of three individuals – a female and a child from grave 20 and probably a young man from grave 32 – correspond to the local isotope signal of biologically available strontium. These graves do not manifest non-local characteristics in the grave-goods or the burial rite. For other three individuals buried in graves 17, 19 and 29, the measured values are close to the values given for ‘local’ individuals from burial grounds in the Middle Danube Basin. Of the eight individuals evaluated, samples of two – a male buried in grave 18 and a female buried in grave 21 – show a significant deviation from the local isotope signal. The hypothesis of their non-local origin can also be substantiated by the archaeological context – in the first case the re-opening of the grave and the intentional, apparently ritual, destruction of the grave-goods, in the second case the foreign costume of the deceased and a set of pottery vessels of foreign origin.
3
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WERE MALES BURIED WITH WEAPONS BETTER NOURISHED THAN THE OTHER PART OF THE POPULATION IN THE LA TÈNE PERIOD? PILOT STUDY OF DIET OF SELECTED INDIVIDUALS BURIED AT CELTIC CEMETERY IN DUBNÍK, DISTRICT OF NOVÉ ZÁMKY, SOUTH-WEST SLOVAKIA

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Bujna J., Drtikolová Kaupová S., Hajnalová M.
Študijné zvesti
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2019
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issue 66
19 - 31
EN
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values were measured on tissues from human individuals buried at eight graves in the Early La Tène cemetery in Dubník situated in the south-west Slovakia. Collagen suitable for isotope analysis for dietary reconstruction was extracted from bone of 9 human individuals of different social status determined archaeologically by grave goods and grave arrangement. Isotope values from the bone collagen obtained from six samples of pig and a cattle individual, placed within the graves, were used as a control group. The isotope data indicated that males with weapons had access to more and/or better quality food stuffs. Their diet was richer in animal proteins than of other individuals. The results of isotope analyses support the hypothesis that the human individuals buried with different grave goods in Dubník were of different social status also during their lives and had a different access to high quality foods.
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