In the monograph Inferentialism: Why Rules Matter (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan 2014), Jaroslav Peregrin presents inferentialism as a philosophical approach that articulates a systematic answer to the classic problem of philosophy of language: “What is meaning?” In this study, I review and assess the key arguments of Peregrin`s inferentialist conception of language and meaning, which is elaborated in the first part of his book.
In the monograph A Natural History of Human Morality (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press 2016) Michael Tomasello produced an original theory of the evolution of morality. Morality is, in his view, a specifically human form of co-operation which is supported by specifically psychological processes. His aim is to describe three types of morality and explain how and why they were able to develop in the course of anthropogenesis from the rudimentary morality of empathy. In the first part of this review study we describe how Tomasello imagines this process. In the second part we focus criticallly on some controversial points of his account.
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In seiner Monographie A Natural History of Human Morality (Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press 2016) entwickelte Michael Tomasello eine originelle Theorie zur Evolution der Moral. Die Moral ist laut Tomasello eine spezifisch menschliche Form der Zusammenarbeit, die durch spezifische psychologische Prozesse unterstützt wird. Sein Ziel ist es, drei Arten von Moral zu beschreiben und zu erläutern, wie und warum diese sich im Laufe der Anthropogenese aus der rudimentäreren Moral des Mitleids entwickeln konnten. Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Rezensionsstudie wird beschrieben, wie sich Tomasello diesen Prozess vorstellt. Im zweiten Teil wird bestimmten kontroversen Punkten seiner Interpretation kritische Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet.
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