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MUSEALISATION OF COMMUNISM, OR HOW TO CREATE NATIONAL IDENTITY IN HISTORICAL MUSEUMS

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Ziębińska-Witek A.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
|
2020
|
vol. 8
|
issue 4
59 – 72
EN
The goal of the article is to critically analyse and deconstruct museum narratives about communism in East-Central Europe 30 years after transformation. The research material is museum exhibitions interpreted in accordance with the methodology of visual research (composition analysis, content analysis, analysis of material objects, and analysis of meanings). The first and most important museum type from the perspective of the memory canon is The Act of 6 June 1997 Penal Code (Journal of Laws of 1997, item 553). Art. 125. § 1. Whoever destroys, damages or takes away a cultural object in an occupied area or in which military operations are taking place, violating international law, shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for a term of between one and 10 years. § 2. If the act concerns goods of particular importance for culture, the perpetrator shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for not less than 3 years. Art. 278. § 1. Whoever takes away someone else’s movable property for the purpose of appropriation shall be subject to the penalty of deprivation of liberty for a term of between 3 months and 5 years. § 2. The same punishment shall be imposed on anyone who, without the consent of the authorised person, obtains someone else’s computer program in order to gain financial benefits. § 3. In the case of an act of a lesser significance, the perpetrator is subject to a fine, limitation of liberty or deprivation of liberty for one year. § 4. If the theft was committed to the detriment of the closest person, the prosecution takes place at the request of the injured party. Art. 279. § 1. Whoever steals by burglary is punishable by imprisonment from one to 10 years. § 2. If the burglary was committed to the detriment of the closest person, the prosecution takes place at the request of the injured party. As it represents the official historical policy of most East-European states, is the so-called identity or heroic museum. Its purpose is not so much to show the truth about the past but to create the collective memory of a society and its positive self-image.
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Wystawianie przeszłości, czyli historia w nowych muzeach

100%
Ziębińska-Witek A.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
|
2013
|
issue 2(22)
77-92
EN
The article is an attempt to respond to the issue of what are the reasons for  the changes in the institution of a historical museum in the context of modern  cultural transformation. It reveals new perspectives, which are being opened for  exhibition creators, and challenges resulting from new interpretation strategies.  Museums (and histories created in them) are one of the ways, in which a human  being refers to issues and ideas which concern himself and his past. Exhibitions  not so much explain the past realities as they rather describe them in the context  of their contemporary social and political conditions. The present interest in  historical museums (both in Poland and in the world), reflected  in numerous  publications, conferences and research projects is an effect of museums trying to adapt  to new situations and cope with conditions unlike those which accompanied their  creation as public institutions. As institutional symbolic tokens of cities and  regions, museums have new tasks to improve their image and to attract tourists;  they become symbols of cultural revitalisation and representatives of the so called  “soft”  economy  and  new  urbanisation.  It  has  an  impact  on  exhibition  strategies and profiles in which new tendencies towards entertainment, performance  and show are highlighted. It seems that we are now witnesses to the emergence  of a new generation of historical museums (dubbed “new museums”) which are  governed by different rules of representing the past and communicating with the  audience than before.
3

CAN THE MUSEUM BE AN AGENT OF SOCIAL CHANGE? A NEW MODEL OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MUSEUM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

100%
Ziębińska-Witek A.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
|
2023
|
vol. 11
|
issue 3
23 – 35
EN
A large group of scholars believe that, in the face of an increasing awareness of global challenges, the mission, role, values and responsibilities of museums as institutions require radical rethinking and transformation. In 2016, at an ICOM conference, Mário Moutinho suggested that the category of new museology be broadened towards sociomuseology as a school of thought, whose task is to integrate efforts to adapt museum structures to the present-day reality, to achieve a new level of autonomy for museums, and to open museums to the social context. The philosophical basis for this movement is the idea of participation, and its goal is to create a network of institutions, communities and individuals whose objective is sustainable local development. This approach to museum activism means modifying the tasks the museum undertakes as a civic institution and the new model of its operation is aimed at real political, social and environmental change. The concept has met with criticism from researchers and museologists who believe that the museum should preserve its identity and focus on its traditional tasks. By giving examples of similar activity conducted by some Polish historical museums the author offers answers to the question of whether and to what extent museums in the twenty-first century can and should adopt this new model in order to truly influence their environment while, at the same time, preserving the functions of an institution whose role is to protect national heritage.
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