The purpose of this work is to classify the factors responsible for the location and development of financial clusters, detailing the FinTech agglomeration. For this purpose they have been classified innovations, their sources and innovativeness, which play a key role in the development of FinTechs. A strong link has been demonstrated between the high level of innovation on a regional scale and the creation of FinTech industry centers. In addition, a proactive and modern approach to the regulatory issue was a factor conducive to the development of the studied financial clusters.
PL
Celem tej pracy jest sklasyfikowanie czynników odpowiedzialnych za lokalizację i rozwój klastrów finansowych z wyszczególnieniem aglomeracji FinTech. Sklasyfikowane zostały w tym celu innowacje ich źródła oraz innowacyjność, które odgrywają kluczową rolę w rozwoju FinTechów. Wykazano silne powiązanie pomiędzy wysokim poziomem innowacyjności w skali regionalnej a powstawaniem ośrodków branży FinTech. Dodatkowo proaktywne i nowoczesne podejście do kwestii regulacyjnej było czynnikiem sprzyjającym rozwojowi badanych klastrów finansowych.
Post-nationalism as a phenomenon and a system of organization of global politics is a one of the most utopian political and philosophical demands. The aim of this article is to bring forward the post-nationalism as this is rarely raised and even disregarded phenomenon in political science. The main focus is going to be put on its genesis, proposed forms and possibility of realization. The examples of post-nationalism are pointed in a history, political thought, and a popular culture in which it occurs surprisingly often as a science or political fiction. It may indicate the existence of a somewhat romantic dream of creators and philosophers which, while impossible to come true nowadays, finds its place in utopian cultural texts, often presented as something positive, the goal to aspire to. There is also an explanation from the neorealist, liberal, constructivist standpoints along with the current state of international politics why post-nationalism can be presently taken as a utopia only. The paper ends with an attempt to explain the phenomenon of post-nationalism in the form of hypothesis of its inevitability in the right situation – when humanity will be forced to face hitherto unheard of challenges.
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