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1

MELČICE-LIESKOVÉ I – IV. ZHROMAŽDIŠTIA BRONZOVÝCH PREDMETOV Z BIELYCH KARPÁT

100%
Ondrkál F.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue 2
287 – 314
EN
Western part of the Carpathian Mountains is characterized by a high level of metalworking during the Late Bronze Age (app. 1325 – 1050 BC), with characteristic shapes and decorations, and some exceptional finds of bronzes. Readings of data on mass metal deposition by the Nordic and Anglo-Saxon models of conceptual thought usually associate the selective deposition of Bronze Age metals with regular votive offerings by the population. However, if votive deposition were a common practice in the Urnfield culture, one would expect such hoards to be distributed chronologically more evenly and on a wider geographical scale. The Melčice-Lieskové I (BD/HA1; app. 1225 – 1175 BC) and Melčice-Lieskové II – IV (HB1a; app. 1075 – 1025 BC) hoards – using an extensive typological protocol and a rationalized documentary base – testify to wave, episodic and the regional nature of hoards in the central area of the White Carpathians as a reaction to specific social and political events, such as military operations or other conflicts. Hoards even contain items inherited for generations, with morphological features based on different technological-typological principles. Not only did they reflect the brutal struggles of the time, but they also witnessed the politics, economy, and culture of the Lusatian and Middle Danubian Urnfields, connecting the specifics of historical cases to broader social mechanisms previously recorded in global episodes of change and innovation across time and space.
2

NEJSTARŠÍ BRÝLOVITÉ ZÁVĚSKY A DALŠÍ HONOSNÉ TYPY ŠPERKŮ VE STŘEDNÍ EVROPĚ

63%
Peška J., Ondrkál F.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue 2
189 - 233
EN
Standardized spiral pendants and Stollhof-Csáford type phalerae are the most distinctive metal jewellery of Central European Early Metallic Age. In particular, the massive spectacle pendants of the Malé Leváre type occupy an important position in the systematics trying to reconstruct the origin and transmission of the universal design of this type of jewellery in the period of the 5th and 4th millennia BC in Western Eurasia. This study maps their cultural-historical, chronological, metrical or paleometallurgical data, allowing a diachronic as well as a synchronic view in the light of contemporary issues. The study presents an updated typological assessment and knowledge gathered over a century of archaeological research, newly supplemented with specimens from Beluša, Bzenec, Ivanovce, Krnov, Rajec, Rousínov, Trenčianske Teplice and Žitná-Radiša. The new phalerae hoard of Dolná Poruba-Homôľka allows us to present certain originality in the Carpathian geographical space, which, together with the lens of modern natural science research, shifts the interpretation from static metallurgical zones to dynamic technological networks of Chalcolithic communities in Central Europe.
3

ENEOLITICKÝ DEPOT Z BECKOVA A JEHO TRANSKARPATSKÉ INTERAKCIE

51%
Farkaš Z., Peška J., Ondrkál F.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue 1
1 - 23
EN
Early copper metallurgy in the western part of the Carpathians is insufficiently documented from a technological point of a view. The Early Chalcolithic copper hoard of Beckov-Zbojnícky vrch (ca. 4100 – 3900 BC) suddenly becomes visible in the eyes of archaeologists as a selective prototype of an individual’s personal equipment and speaks to the autonomous and distinctive development of metallurgy of the Ludanice group in western Slovakia. The standardized inventory replicates the composition of the White Carpathian hoard of Slavkov, thus displaying a strict syntax in the expression of male identity through material objects, and indicating that their owners formed a coherent social group characterized by a common identity, behaviour and lifestyle. The spectrometric signals presented here add new insight into the understanding of early systems of copper acquisition, distribution and consumption, which increasingly require renewed attention, this time with the help of the latest archaeometric techniques and knowledge. The variable composition of the artefacts and the apparent failure to exploit the hardening potential of as underline the early character of this Sb-copper-based metallurgy, which appears to have satisfied consumers’ needs during the late 5th millennium BC.
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