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BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND IMPERIALISM. '[MITTELEUROPA' IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF GERMAN POLICY IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY (Miedzy integracja a imperializmem. Mitteleuropa w perspektywie niemieckiej polityki XIX i poczatków XX wieku)

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Gorska U.

Dzieje Najnowsze

2008

issue 4

3-26

A presentation of the history of the term Mitteleuropa and the political sources of its origin. Initially, this was a political construction known in diplomacy from the Congress of Vienna, and revived and popularised by Friedrich Naumann in his book 'Mitteleuropa' from 1915. During the First World War the term was adapted by the political elites of the Second Empire and defined as the war-colonial target of the Reich, to comprise a plan for a new European order after the eventual victory of the Central Powers. The idea of Mitteleuropa was, therefore, primarily a political objective and not a definition-oriented or geographic goal. The first of the two prime traditions of conceiving Central Europe originates from the multinational Habsburg Monarchy, while the second is associated with the imperialistic ambition of the German Reich expanded in the Naumann publication. Both traditions were derived from German messianism, claiming that only Germany constitutes a progressive and order-introducing element in the Central European 'chaos' of nations, a feature symbolically evidenced by 'central' location on the Continent.

THE RHETORIC OF EXPRESSION AND ETHICAL PROBLEM OF ASSIMILATION. CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING JOSEPH ROTH'S ESSAY 'JUDEN AUF WANDERSCHAFT' (Retoryka ekspresji i etyczny problem asymilacji. Rozwazania wokól eseju Josepha Rotha 'Juden auf Wanderschaft')

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Gorska U.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

2009

vol. 6

issue 2(23)

199-223

The article is to acquaint Polish readers with Joseph Roth's 1927 essay 'The Wandering Jews'. The author's main intention was to show the difficult situation of Jews in Eastern Europe and the complex process of assimilation of poor and uneducated Jewish immigrants in modern Western societies. This was accompanied by the author's plea for helping such immigrants and a call to stop the indifference towards their plight, of which he accused Western citizens of Jewish heritage. The expressive value and the violent metaphors of the language employed in this essay, over one hundred pages long, were the results of the author's concern of the European predicament of immigrants from the East. Roth consciously chooses a direct, emotional narration, which was supposed to shock the reader, over a material, factual, academic rhetoric, which he saw as dull. The originality of this essay is rooted in its humanitarian content expressed in a very emotional and dramatic fashion, which in turn places the text closer to the field of ethical criticism than to that of a balanced academic discourse.

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1 Dzieje Najnowsze

1 Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

2 Gorska U.

1 2009

1 2008

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BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND IMPERIALISM. '[MITTELEUROPA' IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF GERMAN POLICY IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY (Miedzy integracja a imperializmem. Mitteleuropa w perspektywie niemieckiej polityki XIX i poczatków XX wieku)

THE RHETORIC OF EXPRESSION AND ETHICAL PROBLEM OF ASSIMILATION. CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING JOSEPH ROTH'S ESSAY 'JUDEN AUF WANDERSCHAFT' (Retoryka ekspresji i etyczny problem asymilacji. Rozwazania wokól eseju Josepha Rotha 'Juden auf Wanderschaft')