During archaeological excavation conducted in 2017 between the streets of St. Katarzyna, St. Wit, Wit Stwosz and Nowy Targ Square in Wrocław 46 numismatic objects were discovered – 37 coins, 4 jetons, 4 objects related to numismatics (silver planchet, a small piece of cast silver and two containers for bracteates – one lid and one bottom, from various containers) and one lead token. Early medieval, late medieval and early modern coins appeared. The most interesting are the thirteenth-century Silesian bracteates of the Ratajski and Kałowice types. During excavation a rare Prague parvus of Wenceslas II was also found. Among all the coins, one of the most interesting is counterfeited West Pomeranian denier of Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania. All analyzed coins constitute a cumulative find that was found in one of Wrocław’s auxiliary markets of medieval origin.
PL
Podczas prac archeologicznych prowadzonych w 2017 r. między ulicami św. Katarzyny, św. Wita, Wita Stwosza i pl. Nowy Targ we Wrocławiu odkryto 46 obiektów numizmatycznych – 37 monet, dwa pewne i dwa hipotetyczne liczmany, cztery obiekty związane z numizmatyką (krążek srebrny, fragment placka lanego srebra oraz dwa fragmenty puzderka na brakteaty – wieczko i dno z różnych pojemników) oraz jeden żeton ołowiany. Odnaleziono monety wczesno- i późnośredniowieczne oraz nowożytne. Najbardziej interesującymi monetami podjętymi podczas badań są trzynastowieczne śląskie brakteaty typu ratajskiego i kałowickiego. Ponadto odkryto rzadki parwus praski Wacława II. Jedną z bardziej ciekawych jest fałszywy denar zachodniopomorski Bogusława I, księcia Pomorza. Wszystkie przeanalizowane monety stanowią znalezisko kumulatywne, a odnaleziono je na jednym ze średniowiecznych rynków pomocniczych Wrocławia.
Among the 15th c., usually anonymous Silesian hellers, the ones most interesting are those from the municipal mint in Legnica. In the collection of the Numismatic Department of The National Ossoliński Institute in Wrocław, we hold 37 such coins that can be divided into two main groups. The obverse of the first group, older (struck after 1425), shows the bust of St Peter, turned three-quarters right, with his right hand pointing at the key he holds in his left hand which is sometimes wrapped with a veil and that separates the sacred (the key) from the profane (the hand). The reverse features the Silesian eagle with its head turned right (in heraldic terms), with a concave band across the wings and breast and with a pellet at the centre of the breast, which represents the middle of the die. The second, younger group (struck after 1475), is characterised by the presentation of two crossed keys on the obverse. The reverse remains practically unchanged, when compared to the first group, only the centric dot disappears from the Eagle’s breast. In the Ossolineum collection we identified 22 coins with St Peter, so-called Petershellers. Three of these coins turned out to be counterfeit (nos. 35–37). The second group is represented by 15 specimens. We adjusted all the coins to the new, as yet unpublished, typology of Silesian hellers created by Borys Paszkiewicz. It is worth emphasising, however, that in the Ossolineum collection we registered one variant of a heller with crossed keys that was not registered by Borys Paszkiewicz. It is a variant with an additional dot near the tip of the right key (no. 26). Paying attention to this common coin used mainly for small transactions, we not only obtained a new variant of this coin, but also expanded the source base of the metric data of these hellers and presented the history of the 15th c. Legnica mint.
The hoard from Krzczonów (Opatowiec community, kazimierski district) was discovered in 2002 during construction works on a private property. The entire deposit consists of 5,264 coins – Polish, Bohemian, Silesian, Pomeranian and Hungarian. The article presents 137 coins from the Krzczonów hoard – 128 Prague groschen of Wenceslas IV and nine hellers of Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels from the Kłodzko county. This small fragment of this hoard shows its scientific value and research perspectives. The very interesting results of the study of only a few percent of the entire find – inter alia the identification of the posthumous Prague groschen of Wenceslas IV – give high hopes that after the entire deposit has been processed, we will do much more about the monetary circulation in the late 15th century between Krakow and Kielce area.
PL
Skarb z Krzczonowa (gm. Opatowiec, pow. kazimierski) odkryty został w 2002 r. podczas prac budowlanych na prywatnej posesji. Cały depozyt liczy 5264 monety – polskie, czeskie, śląskie, pomorskie i węgierskie. Artykuł prezentuje 137 monet ze skarbu z Krzczonowa – 128 groszy praskich Wacława IV oraz dziewięć halerzy kłodzkich wybitych za czasów Henryka I Starszego. Ten mały fragment skarbu krzczonowskiego pokazuje wartość naukową i perspektywy badawcze całego znaleziska. Bardzo interesujące wyniki analizy tylko kilku procent całego skarbu – między innymi zidentyfikowanie grosza praskiego Wacława IV wybitego pośmiertnie – dają nadzieję, że po opracowaniu całego znaleziska będziemy wiedzieć znacznie więcej na temat obiegu pieniądza pod koniec XV w. na obszarze między Krakowem i Kielcami.
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