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A developing company can obtain capital from two main sources: issuing shares and debt. Both methods have their advantages but also some risk factors. Issuing convertible bonds, a form of hybrid financing, is one way to address the risk. These financial instruments enable a company to decrease its cost of capital while also allowing investors to profit from a conversion premium. Analysis of convertible bonds traded on the Catalyst market shows that the hybrid instruments are the most efficient when the market price of the company is low and issuing shares might not bring about the desired results. Moreover, additional rights incorporated into convertible bonds enable the company to decrease the coupon rate and costs of issuing debt.
PL
History of searching for the answer to the question about the nature of autismAn increase in the epidemiological indicators and the neurodevelopmental character of autism cause more and more children to find their way into clinics dealing with early diagnosing and therapy. In view of the huge diversity of this population, the proper understanding of the nature of autism is crucial for a correct diagnosis. A survey of changes in the understanding of this disorder in the historical context may also broaden the perspective on the contemporary transformations of the diagnostic criteria. The paper presents modifications to the defining and classifying of autism over the years, from the description by Leo Kanner (1943) to the proposals included in DSM V (2013). Analysis of the changing diagnostic criteria shows that the first description of autism has, to a greater or lesser extent, had an impact on all authors of the subsequent criteria and classification textbooks. In some cases, the sets of the necessary and sufficient diagnostic criteria proposed within those 70 years of research on autism have had virtually nothing in common. On the one hand, it reflects the huge diversity of this group of people; on the other, it signifies that the question of what autism is has not found a definitive reply. Researchers are still discussing the nature of this disorder, its correct defi nition and diagnosis, as proven by the currently proposed changes in the diagnostic criteria.
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PL
RECENZJA B. Winczura, Dziecko z autyzmem. Terapia deficytów poznawczych a teoria umysłu Kraków: Wydawnictwo Impuls, 2008
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Recenzja: J.W. Astington, J.A. Baird (red.) (2005) Why Language Matters for Theory of Mind?, New York: Oxford University Press
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